Which of the following reduces circulating blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when the sperm count is high?
luteinizing hormone (LH)
inhibin
androgen-binding protein (ABP)
estradiol
answer
Inhibin
Sustentocytes respond to elevated sperm counts by releasing inhibin, a hormone that suppresses release of FSH.
question
Which of the following would most directly interfere with sperm production?
ingestion of a substance that mimicked inhibin
interruption of sustentocytes' production of ABP
low sperm count
use of synthetic steroids (testosterone)
answer
interruption of sustentocytes' production of ABP
Sustentocytes produce ABP to keep testosterone levels high near the spermatogenic cells. Low ABP would directly affect the amount of testosterone around the spermatogenic cells.
question
The release of __________ encourages sustentocytes to release __________.
inhibin; testosterone
luteinizing hormone; testosterone
luteinizing hormone; androgen-binding protein
follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen-binding protein
answer
follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen-binding protein
question
In males, which of the following includes the correct target and result of LH stimulation?
interstitial cells: ABP secretions
sustentacular cells: increase spermatogenesis
interstitial cells: androgen secretions
sustentacular cells: increase testosterone
answer
interstitial cells: androgen secretions
question
Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?
primary oocyte
oogonium
secondary oocyte
ovum
answer
The secondary oocyte is ovulated from the ovarian follicle and proceeds into the uterine tube.
question
Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell?
Actually, gametogenesis (oogenesis in the female and spermatogenesis in the male) produces four eggs and four sperm.
The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.
Only one egg can be fertilized at a time.
The egg does not go through the meiotic division processes that the sperm undergo.
answer
The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.
question
Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________.
ovulation
the luteal phase
the follicular phase
pregnancy
answer
the follicular phase
question
A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.
estrogen
progesterone
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
answer
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
When estrogen reaches a certain level in the body, it triggers a positive feedback loop that triggers an LH surge. This triggers ovulation.
question
What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?
Stratum functionalis is shed.
Enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare for reception of an embryo.
menstruation
ovulation
answer
Ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary occurs at around day 14 of the cycle, just as the uterine proliferative phase ends and the secretory phase begins.
question
During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?
menstrual phase
secretory, or postovulatory, phase
proliferative phase
preovulatory phase
answer
menstrual phase
The functional layer of the endometrium is shed during days 1 through 5 of the uterine cycle, a process called menses or menstruation.
question
What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses?
corpus albicans
vesicular follicle
primary follicle
corpus luteum
answer
The corpus luteum forms at the beginning of the secretory phase and produces hormones that support the uterus. When it degenerates about 12 days later, the uterus enters menses.
question
During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, __________.
the endometrium is shed
ovulation occurs
the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates
the endometrium prepares for implantation
answer
the endometrium prepares for implantation
Secretions in the endometrium during the secretory phase aide in implantation.
question
What anterior pituitary-produced hormone works in conjunction with gonadal steroids to promote bone development?
growth hormone
prolactin
luteinizing hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
answer
growth hormone
question
Which male reproductive structure is NOT correctly matched with its function?
epididymis: produce sperm
bulbourethral gland: neutralize urethra before ejaculation
ductus deferens: carry sperm toward ejaculation
seminal vesicles: produce semen
answer
The epididymis is where sperm is stored and matured.
question
Which gland is NOT matched with its type of secretion?
seminal vesicles: 70% of seminal volume
prostate gland: milky, acidic semen
bulbourethral glands: lubricating secretion
urethra: clear, viscous mucus that neutralizes urine
answer
urethra: clear, viscous mucus that neutralizes urine
question
Which of the following cells remains at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?
type A daughter cells
type B daughter cells
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
answer
Type A daughter cells remain at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells, similar in manner to the skin cells of the stratum basale.
question
What is the function of the blood-testis barrier?
to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm
to filter out male sex hormones
to ensure that semen contains only sperm and seminal fluid
to provide only select nutrients to the developing sperm
answer
to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm
A male's immune system would identify sperm as foreign bodies. The blood-testis barrier prevents that interaction.
question
Which of the following statements best describes the round ligament?
It connects the uterus to the labia majora.
It anchors the uterus and the ovary.
It anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall.
It is a large ligament that supports the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.
answer
It connects the uterus to the labia majora.
The round ligament exits the body wall through the inguinal canal and inserts into the labia majora.
question
The __________ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________.
stratum functionalis; stratum basalis
stratum basalis; stratum functionalis
stratum functionalis; myometrium
myometrium; perimetrium
answer
The stratum functionalis is shed as the spiral arteries retract into the stratum basalis. The stratum basalis then regenerates the functional layer back onto the basal layer.
question
Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of female reproductive structures with their functions?
uterine tube: transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal from the body
uterus: the womb--area of development of the fetus
ovarian follicle: ovum (egg) production
vagina: birth canal
answer
uterine tube: transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal from the body
The uterine tube is the site where fertilization takes place. The uterine tube transports the ovum toward the uterus.
question
Which of the following is/are contained within the spermatic cord?
answer
testicular arteries and veins
The spermatic cord contains the testicular arteries and veins as well as associated nerves, lymphatics, and the ductus deferens.
question
which of these does NOT empty materials into the area of the prostatic urethra?
prostate
bulbo-urethral gland
ductus vas deferens
seminal gland
answer
bulbo-urethral gland
Fluids from the bulbo-urethral gland enter the urethra further down than the prostate. These fluids lubricate and neutralize urine traces in the intermediate and penile urethra.
question
Although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing ______.
answer
relaxation of muscle tissue in arteries
Smooth muscle relaxation would lead to vasodilatation of arteries. Remember that blood pressure is directly affected by blood vessel diameter.
question
Which of the following is the final product of spermiogenesis?
secondary spermatocytes
spermatozoa
spermatids
type B daughter cells
answer
The final product of spermiogenesis is spermatozoa. These will enter the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.
question
Which of these cells would contain 23 unpaired chromosomes?
secondary spermatocytes
early spermatids
primary spermatocytes
spermatogonia
answer
Early spermatids have undergone both meiosis I and II, so these cells are haploid (23 chromosomes total) and all these chromosomes are unpaired.
question
What is the testicular target for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
spermatozoa
sustentocytes (Sertoli cells)
spermatogonia
interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells)
answer
sustentocytes (Sertoli cells)
Sustentocytes in the walls of the seminiferous tubules respond to FSH by releasing androgen-binding protein, which maintains high testosterone levels near developing sperm cells.
question
Which hormone promotes the formation of secondary sex characteristics such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair; enhanced hair growth on the chest; and a deepening voice?
luteinizing hormone (LH)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
testosterone
answer
testosterone
question
What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?
uterine (fallopian) tube
vagina
uterus
cervical cana
answer
Fallopian tube
Eggs that successfully implant in the uterus are fertilized in the uterine tube. This does not imply a "tubal pregnancy," where the zygote implants in the uterine tube.
question
Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?
myometrium
endometrium
perimetrium
mesometrium
answer
myometrium
As the prefix myo- implies, the myometrium is the thick, smooth muscle lining of the uterine wall. It has an enormous ability to stretch, and its contractions lead to delivery.
question
Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule?
labia minora
clitoris
fourchette
labia majora
answer
labia minora
The labia minora are thin cutaneous folds that enclose the vestibule, which houses the openings of the urethra and vagina.
question
Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy?
reduced blood flow to the ovaries
decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes
reduced number of granulosa cells
decreased rate of formation of vesicular follicles
answer
decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes
The cilia within the fallopian tubes function to move an ovulated oocyte from the ovary to the uterus.
question
If an untrained person induces an abortion and severely punctures the posterior vaginal wall, there is a potential risk of the puncture wound extending onward into the wall of the ______.
urinary bladder
urethra
rectum
gluteus maximus
answer
rectum
The uterus is located in the pelvis anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder.
question
What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk?
alveoli
areola
lactiferous sinus
lactiferous ducts
answer
alveoli
Alveoli deep in breast tissue produce milk that is passed to the openings in the nipple.
question
What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis?
answer
The number of functional gametes produced is different.
In spermatogenesis, four functional gametes are produced, while oogenesis produces only one functional gamete because of the loss of three polar bodies.
question
Amenorrhea can occur in women engaged in extremely strenuous physical activity, and also occurs in women who ______.
answer
are pregnant
Amenorrhea is the suppression or unusual absence of menstruation. During pregnancy the embryo and its surrounding tissues produce hormones that prevent endometrial cell death.
question
If embryonic testes do not produce testosterone, a genetic male develops female external genitalia. However, if embryonic testes properly produce testosterone, but a genetic male nevertheless develops female external genitalia, the cause could be ______.
answer
a mutation in the gene that codes for the testosterone receptor
Testosterone must bind to its receptor to induce the development of male reproductive organs by inducing changes in gene transcription.
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy
