Bio Final- Chapter 47

What role do germ cells play in gametogenesis? They produce cells that divide by mitosis to form gametes. They produce cells that undergo meiosis and develop into gametes. They produce cells that divide by mitosis and then undergo meiosis to form gametes. They produce gametes.

What products are formed when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? Two haploid cells. Four diploid cells. Four haploid cells. Two diploid cells.

Which of the following statements about oogenesis in humans is true? Oogonia can reproduce mitotically within an adult female ovary to produce more oogonia, which differentiate into primary oocytes. Beginning at puberty, a primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a polar body approximately every month. The ooctye released from the ovary during ovulation is fully mature. Oogenesis takes place within the oviduct.

Which diploid cells are produced by an embryonic germ cell? Ovum. Spermatid. Spermatogonia. Polar body.

How does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis? Production of the cells that will mature into gametes is complete by birth in spermatogenesis. Gamete maturation occurs after fertilization in spermatogenesis. Diploid cells give rise to four functional gametes in spermatogenesis. Gametes are produced by meiosis in spermatogenesis.

Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent. What type of cell process commonly occurs to generate this type of offspring? oogenesis cell fusion mitosis spermatogenesis

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when... there is some potential for rapid overpopulation pathogens are rapidly diversifying a species is in stable and favorable environments a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations

Which of the following is an example of sexual reproduction? fertilization in Daphnia binary fission in Amoeba budding in sponges parthenogenesis in lizards

Give examples of negative feedback in hormonal control of the human menstrual cycle. progesterone with FSH and LH estradiol with LH FSH with LH estradiol with FSH

Give examples of positive feedback in hormonal control of the human menstrual cycle. estradiol with LH FSH with LH estradiol with progesterone progesterone with FSH and LH

What term describes the mode of asexual reproduction in which offspring develop from unfertilized eggs? budding parthenogenesis fission regeneration

Which hormone spikes midway through the menstrual cycle and triggers ovulation? Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Luteinizing hormone (LH). Estradiol. Progesterone.

Which of the following events occurs at the onset of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? Release of high levels of FSH. Shedding of the endometrium. Maturation of the follicle. Development of the corpus luteum.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which fertilized eggs prevent polyspermy? Protease digestion of sperm receptor proteins Membrane depolarization Formation of a fertilization envelope Formation of a vaginal plug

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that ________. the division of cytoplasm is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth oogenesis produces four functional haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development

In an animal that switches between sexual and asexual reproduction, when is sexual reproduction more likely to occur? when males and females find each other when conditions for survival are favorable when conditions for survival are unfavorable What conditions favor sexual over asexual reproduction remains a complete mystery.

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they _____. are approximately the same size are produced from puberty until death both have the same number of chromosomes are formed before birth each have a flagellum that provides motility

Internal and external fertilization both _____. depend on the use of copulatory organs occur only among terrestrial animals occur only among birds occur only among invertebrates produce single-celled zygotes

An oocyte released from a human ovary enters the ________. cloaca vagina oviduct cervix uterus

Human sperm cells develop from spermatogonia in the ________. epididymis prostate gland testes vas deferens seminal vesicles

Fertilization of a human egg takes place in the ________. fallopian tube vagina cervix ovary uterus

At the time of fertilization, the maturation of the human oogonium has resulted in _____. one secondary oocyte two primary oocytes four primary oocytes four secondary oocytes

Sperm cells mature and are stored within human males in the _____. urethra bulbourethral gland prostate seminal vesicles epididymis

Sperm-egg membrane fusion immediately proceeds in which step in fertilization? acrosome reaction entry of sperm nucleus into egg flagellar hyperactivity contact of the sperm head with the egg's plasma membrane chemical signaling by egg to attract sperm

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become... the thickened portion of the uterine wall the corpus luteum, which secretes the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol. swept into the fallopian tube the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to _____. stimulate the development of the mammary glands produce prolactin in the alveoli nourish and protect the egg cell maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters

Peaks of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production occur during... the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle the period just before ovulation the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle

Testosterone is synthesized primarily ________. neurons of the hypothalamus cells lining the seminiferous tubules sperm cells cells within the testes secretory cells of the anterior pituitary gland

How can a cell respond to more than one hormone? By responding only to the hormone in the greatest amount It cannot. It has different receptors for each hormone.

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? Spermatogenesis results in four mature sperm cells, whereas oogenesis results in one mature egg cell. In spermatogenesis, mitosis occurs twice and meiosis once; in oogenesis, mitosis occurs once and meiosis twice. Spermatogenesis results in one mature sperm cell, whereas oogenesis results in four mature egg cells.

During oogenesis, meiosis results in ________. two or three small cells and one large cell that develops further if fertilized four equally sized cells that stop dividing in meiosis I two equally sized cells, but only one that is typically fertilized two equally sized cells that are both typically fertilized

Which statement about human reproduction is correct? The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. In humans, spermatogenesis and oogenesis function best at normal, core body temperatures. Fertilization occurs in the uterus. A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.

Why does external fertilization typically occur much more often in aquatic animals than in terrestrial animals? The gametes must be produced in large numbers, which can occur only in aquatic environments. The gametes must be kept wet to avoid desiccation. Terrestrial species typically only have one testis, limiting sperm production.

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human ovarian cycle are _____. follicular → ovulation → luteal proliferative → luteal → ovulation menstrual → ovulation → luteal follicular → luteal → secretory

The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the secretion of sex hormones like FSH by the anterior pituitary gland is ________. gonadotropin-releasing hormone progesterone testosterone luteinizing hormone

During the menstrual cycle, ________ peaks first, ________ peak next, and finally ________ peaks. estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testosterone estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); progesterone testosterone; estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); progesterone

Which structure releases eggs?

In which structure does fertilization usually occur?

In which structure does an embryo typically implant?

Roughly, at what age does meiosis begin in females?

The sudden rise in which hormone triggers ovulation?

The corpus luteum releases progesterone. What is the impact of moderate to high levels of progesterone on the endometrium?