Chapter 27-The Reproductive System

The prostate atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems.

The male urethra serves the urinary system only.

The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone.

A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental temperature is the cremaster.

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play?

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________.

Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the volume of semen?

How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.

The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.

Prostate cancer is _______.

It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature for abundant, viable sperm formation.

When it is cold, the scrotum is pulled away from the body.

The testis is divided into seminiferous tubules which contain the lobules that produce sperm and the ejaculatory duct that allows the sperm to be ejected from the body.

Sperm are ejaculated from the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.

When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is necessary to investigate the sperm of the male.

Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis.

Failure to attain erection is called erectile dysfunction.

The stage in meiosis where chromosomal exchange takes place is telophase.

The secretions of the bulbo-urethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse.

The molecule that enhances the ability of testosterone to promote spermatogenesis is inhibin.

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.

Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.

The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________.

Spermiogenesis involves the ________.

Which of the following statements about sperm is not true?

The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________.

Select the correct statement about male sexual response.

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?

Spermatogenesis ________.

The brain-testicular axis ________.

Select the correct statement about testosterone control.

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.

A 38-year-old male is upset about his low sperm count and visits a "practitioner" who commonly advertises his miracle cures of sterility. The practitioner is a quack who treats conditions of low sperm count with megadoses of testosterone. The patient experiences a huge surge in libido. Would this treatment result in a higher or lower sperm count, and why?

The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of FSH alone.

A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

The testes are innervated by the sympathetic division of the ANS only.

Why is the blood testis barrier important?

Erection of the penis results from ________.

Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?

Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?

Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.

The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix.

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.

The primary function of the uterus is to ________.

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?

Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?

The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material.

The adenohypophyseal hormone that triggers ovulation is estrogen.

Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle.

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.

Female orgasm is required for conception.

The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle.

In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.

Effects of estrogen include ________.

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.

Normally menstruation occurs when ________.

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?

Which of the following will occur after ovulation?

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?

Extremely stressful physical activity in young females can result in excessive bone mass due to large amounts of estrogen production.

Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.

Sexually transmitted diseases are an important cause of female fertility problems.

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?

Pain during ovulation is called dysmenorrhea.

The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts.

Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?

Sperm from the male parent determines the gender of the child.

The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ________.

A varicocele may hinder blood flow through the pampiniform venous plexus; the reduced venous drainage and the resulting elevated testicular temperature may be caused by ______.

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in females?

A man who has had a successful orchiectomy may still be able to have children because ______.

Why are the male testes located in the scrotum outside the body?

Sperm is produced in the __________ of the testes.

Sperm are stored in the __________.

Which of the following does NOT add substances to seminal fluid?

Viable sperm production is optimal at the body's core temperature.

Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated?

Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone?

Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord?

Which portion of the penis is removed through a procedure known as circumcision?

Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm and urine?

During vasectomy, what accessory duct is cut as a form of birth control?

Although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing ______.

What is the product of spermatogenesis?

Which of the following organs is NOT a part of the HPG axis?

What is the function of the blood testis barrier?

The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is __________; this is referred to as the __________ chromosome number.

Genetic variation of individual chromosomes occurs during __________.

Which of the following occurs during spermiogenesis?

Enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the egg are located in the __________ of the sperm cell.

The release of __________ encourages interstitial endocrine cells to release __________.

Gametes are produced by meiosis.

Which of the following inhibits the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary and GnRH from the hypothalamus when the sperm count is high?

Which of the following keeps the concentration of testosterone in the vicinity of the spermatogenic cells high to stimulate spermatogenesis?

Which hormone promotes the formation of secondary sex characteristics such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, enhanced hair growth on the chest, and a deepening voice?

Why does meiosis involve two nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis?

At what point during meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?

During meiosis, what does crossover promote?

Which of the following results from spermiogenesis?

Which of the following is the haploid cell produced as a result of meiosis I?

Which of the following cells is returned to the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?

Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy?

In cervical cancer, which cancer cells that cover the cervical tip are most likely to be abnormal?

Which of the following may aggravate the symptoms of a prolapsed uterus?

If an untrained person induces an abortion and severely punctures the posterior vaginal wall, there is a potential risk of the puncture wound extending onward into the wall of the ______.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of female reproductive structures with their functions?

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg?

Which of the following female sex hormones is most responsible for estrogenic effects?

The __________ connects the uterus to the vagina.

The __________, a layer of the endometrium, is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female?

The ovaries are situated in the peritoneal cavity flanking the uterus.

The mammary glands are present in both sexes.

What part of the female duct system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

Which layer of the uterine wall is made of smooth muscle?

Which specific layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation, approximately every 28 days?

Specifically, what encloses the vestibule which houses the openings of the urethra and vagina?

Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile tissue like the penis?

What are the two fatty, hair-covered skin folds that run posteriorly from the mons pubis?

What part of the breast produces milk?

The mammary glands belong to which of the following systems?

What is the pigmented ring of skin situated slightly below the center of each breast?

Amenorrhea can occur in women engaged in extremely strenuous physical activity, and also occurs in women who ______.

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell?

What is the role of the corpus luteum?

Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________.

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle __________.

Which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females?

Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the main androgen that is associated with female libido.

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

Why CAN'T polar bodies be fertilized?

How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?

What event occurs during the proliferative phase?

During what phase of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle is the uterine lining shed?

What hormone promotes ovulation?

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted bacterial disease?

Nondisjunction may occur due to ______.

If embryonic testes do not produce testosterone, a genetic male develops female external genitalia. However, if embryonic testes properly produce testosterone, but a genetic male nevertheless develops female external genitalia, the cause could be ______.

The cause of cryptorchidism is typically not understood, but one possible cause might be a narrowing of the inguinal canal. This narrowing could arise from encroachment by any EXCEPT which of the following muscles?

What determines the gender (sex) of a child?

The __________ develop into the male duct system.