"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of?
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Deviance.
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A hate crime is defined as?
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A criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
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A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. This sentence reflects a policy called?
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Shock probation.
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According to Durkheim, functions of deviance include?
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The idea the responding to deviance promotes social unity.
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According to Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong?
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Ritualist.
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According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term ___ correcting describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?
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Retreatist.
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An example of the "medicalization of deviance" is?
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Theft being redefined as a "compulsive stealing".
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Crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations is called?
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White-Collar Crime.
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Edwin Lemert described "primary deviance" as?
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A passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept.
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Edwin Sutherland stated that white-collar crime?
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Is usually resolved in a civil rather than a criminal court.
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Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to?
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The amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior.
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Feminist theory states that gender figures into the study of deviance because?
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Every society in the world applies stronger normative controls of females than to males.
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Organized crime refers to?
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Any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
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The basic idea behind labeling theory is that?
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Deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
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The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of?
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Interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance.
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The concept criminal recidivism refers to?
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Later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
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The concept of due process refers to?
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The criminal justice system operating within the bounds of the law.
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Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that?
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Mental illness is a myth so that "insanity" is only "difference" that bother other people.
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Using Marxist approach, Steven Spitzer claims that prime targets for deviant labeling include?
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People who try to take the property of others.
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Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses. They called their analysis?
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Containment Theory.
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What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?
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Stigma.
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___ refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?
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Corporate Crime.
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