Which of the following statements is true of probation?
answer
- Violation of court-mandated conditions of probation possibly leads to probation revocation.
- Those sentenced to probation must agree to abide by court-mandated conditions of probation, with a violation of conditions possibly leading to probation revocation, p. 310.
question
Sasha, arrested for pickpocketing, pleads guilty in court. After hearing her case, the judge orders her to complete 100 hours of community service. This is an example of ________.
answer
- probation
- As the judge orders Sasha to complete 100 hours of community service instead of sentencing her to imprisonment, this is an example of probation. Probation is a court-ordered period of correctional supervision in the community, generally as an alternative to incarceration, p. 309.
question
Which of the following is a difference between parole and probation?
answer
- Parole is a correctional strategy, while probation is a sentencing strategy.
- Probation is a sentencing strategy, while parole is meant to be a correctional strategy, p. 313.
question
Three months prior to completing her five-year prison sentence, Tina, a convict in a case of arson, is released under supervision. Which of the following is indicated in this scenario?
answer
- reentry parole
- As Tina's release is a form of supervised mandatory release, this scenario indicates a parole reentry, p. 314.
question
Probation and parole are disadvantageous in terms of ________.
answer
- social costs
- In addition to the increased risk of new crimes, probation and parole increase the chance that added expenses will accrue to the community in the form of child support, welfare costs, housing expenses, legal aid, indigent health care, and the like, p. 317.
question
Timothy, a convict in a robbery case, is not granted an early release by a parole board. The paroling authorities do not provide specific evidence or reasoning for denying his parole. This is acceptable in accordance with the Court ruling in the case of ________.
answer
- Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates (1979)
- In Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates (1979), the Court ruled that parole boards do not have to specify the evidence or reasoning used in deciding to deny parole, p. 319.
question
Which of the following is true of non-revocable parole (NRP)?
answer
- Sex offenders are ineligible for NRP.
- Sex offenders, validated gang members, serious felons, and prisoners found guilty of serious disciplinary offenses are not eligible for NRP, p. 319.
question
Tommy, a parolee, accidently tells his parole officer, Rob, that he has lost his job. Rob uses this statement against Tommy as Tommy did not explicitly claim a right against self-incrimination. This results in the parole revocation of Tommy. Which of the following Court rulings supports Rob's action?
answer
- Minnesota v. Murphy (1984)
- In Minnesota v. Murphy (1984), the Court held that a probationer's incriminating statements made to an officer can be used as evidence against him or her if the probationer does not specifically claim a right against self-incrimination, p. 319.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the correctional model for probation and parole officers?
answer
- It emphasizes community protection
- The correctional model emphasizes community protection, which officers are supposed to achieve through careful and close supervision, p. 321.
question
Susan is a probation officer. She inquires about the background of Hilary, a defendant in a robbery case, to provide the information to a sentencing judge. Which of the following tasks of probation and parole officers is indicated in this scenario?
answer
- presentence investigation
- As Susan examines the background of an offender to provide the required facts to a sentencing judge, the scenario indicates presentence investigation, p. 320.
question
Which of the following is not a distinct result of intermediate sanctions?
answer
- They contribute to the breakup of an offender's family
- Intermediate sanctions avoid both the breakup of the family and the stigmatization of imprisonment because they keep an offender in the community, p. 323.
question
Tom, a substance abuse offender, is ordered to remain at home every day from 8 PM to 6 AM. This type of intermediate sanction is known as ________.
answer
- curfew
- As Tom is ordered to remain at home during a certain time of the day, curfew is indicated in this scenario. Curfew is a type of home confinement program that requires program participants to remain at home every day during certain times, usually in the evening, p. 327.
question
Perry, a substance abuse offender, was sentenced by a state court to serve weekends in jail and spend the weekdays at his home under probation for a year. Which of the following intermediate sanctions is demonstrated in this scenario?
answer
- mixed sentencing
- As Perry is sentenced to serve weekends in a confinement facility while undergoing probationary supervision in the community, this scenario indicates mixed sentencing, p. 324.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Second Chance Act?
answer
- It intends to break the cycle of criminal recidivism.
- The Second Chance Act intends to break the cycle of criminal recidivism by assisting offenders reentering the community from incarceration to establish a self-sustaining and law-abiding life, p. 331.
question
Which Supreme Court case held that parole boards do not have to specify the evidence used in deciding to deny parole?
answer
Greenholtz v. Nebraska
question
Probation is sanctioned by the ________.
answer
court
question
Intermediate sanctions are also sometimes termed ________.
answer
alternative sentencing strategies
question
Which of the following is NOT cited as a disadvantage of probation and parole?
answer
Probation and parole programs are underused, enabling practitioners to adequately supervise offenders on their caseloads.
question
Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve weekends in jail and receive probation supervision during the week?
answer
mixed sentence
question
Which Supreme Court case held that a probationer should have the opportunity for counsel before a deferred prison sentence can be imposed?
answer
Mempa v. Rhay
question
________ was the first state to have a shock incarceration program.
answer
Georgia
question
Which Supreme Court case provides procedural safeguards to parolees at revocation hearings?
answer
Morrissey v. Brewer
question
In Samson v. California the U.S. Supreme Court held that ________.
answer
the police may search a parolee for the sole reason that he or she is on parole
question
Which of the following is not a function of a probation or parole officer's work?
answer
assistance to prosecutors by conducting arrests and investigations
question
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using probation instead of imprisonment?
answer
provides the offender with many opportunities to interact with other convicted offenders
question
Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of probation and parole?
answer
relative lack of punishment
question
Which of the following sentences is not an example of an intermediate sanction?
answer
30 days in jail
question
Which intermediate sanction resembles a military-style boot camp?
answer
shock incarceration
question
Mary is sentenced to probation. The conditions of her probation include: maintain employment, possess no firearm, obey all laws, and meet with her probation officer biweekly. These ________ conditions apply to all probationers in the jurisdiction where she was sentenced.
answer
general
question
The Serious Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) has found that ________ reduce(s) recidivism.
answer
vocational and work release programs
question
Which of the following statements about probation is false?
answer
Convicted murderers and rapists cannot be sentenced to probation.
question
What type of probation in Georgia includes at least five face-to-face contacts between officer and probationer each week and requires that probationers have a mandatory curfew, have a job, and submit to weekly alcohol and drug testing?
answer
intensive
question
The Federal Probation System was ________.
answer
authorized by the National Probation Act of 1925
question
Discretionary release is granted by ________.
answer
a parole board
question
A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency is known as ________.
answer
community service
question
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that probation officers may search a probationer's residence without a search warrant?
answer
Griffin v. Wisconsin
question
Revocation of probation or parole ________.
answer
requires a hearing to determine if the conditions of probation or parole were violated
question
House arrest is a valuable alternative to prison for ________.
answer
offenders with special needs
question
Which model emphasizes probation and parole officers' service role and views probationers and parolees as clients?
answer
social work model
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