Sociology 101 Chapter 11

Sociologically, why is gender especially significant? A) it is a master status cutting across all aspects of life B) it permits a comparison to superior male qualities C) it provides one group to lead, another to follow D) it reinforces the teachings of Genesis

Which statement is least accurate regarding sex and gender? A) the world offers unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on one's sex B) being born male of female carries images and expectations on how one should act C) gender is sociologically significant because it is the way in which society controls its memebers D) the terms "sex" and "gender" are sociologically and biologically interchangeable

The term for the unequal access to power, prestige and property based on a person's sex is __________. A) sex typing B) sexual harassment C) gender stratification D) matriarchy

While the notion of gender refers to sociological characteristics, the comcept of sex refers to __________ characteristics. A) psychological B) biological C) philosophical D) anthropological

According to sociologists, why do men and women typically perform different types of work? A) it is based on biology and climate B) it is a product of socialization and social control C) its determining factors are motivation and aspiration D) it focuses on status and wealth as the determining factors

Which of the following statements best describes how most sociologists believe behavioral gender differences develop between men and women? A) gender differences are based on social factors B) gender differences are based on genetic dispositions C) gender differences are the result of biological differences D) gender differences are based on physiological differences

Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month-old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veterans' study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior? A) nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior B) nurture is the dominant force in determining human behavior C) human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together D) neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior

What classification or terminology do sociologists apply to women that describe their inability to gain equal access to power, property, and prestige? A) the glass escalator B) radical feminism C) a counterculture D) minority group

Why do sociologists classify females as a minority group? A) women are outnumbered by men in virtually every society B) women are not as physically strong as men C) men perform the most difficult and dangerous work in most societies D) women are discriminated against because of their physical characteristics

What conclusion did George Murdock make following cross-cultural studies? A) women are biologically and socially suited for "mothering" and nurturing tasks B) men hold a position of dominance in society because of their inherent strength C) every society associates certain activities with one sex or the other D) feminism has upset the natural order of the division of labor in modern society

Felix tends goats in Peru, while his wife, Maria, takes care of the family crops. John is a nurse in France and his wife, Sonia, is a midwife. Based on cross-cultural studies, whose work would be given more prestige in their respective societies? A) Maria's and Sonia's B) Felix's and Sonia's C) Felix's and John's D) Maria's and John's

What is the practice of suttee? A) permitting only men the right to vote B) requiring women to cover their faces in public C) passing legislation that legally makes women inferior to men D) burning the living widow with the body of her dead husband

In Pakistan, Jordan, and Kurdistan, a woman who has brought disgrace to her family is killed by a male relative, usually her brother or husband. This practice is called ________. A) honor killing B) domestic manslaughter C) blood feud D) infanticide

What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to justifying gender stratification? A) symbolic interactionism B) exchange theory C) neo-Marxism D) feminism

Which wave of feminism was characterized by broad goals ranging from an increase in women's pay to an antiviolence campaign? A) the first wave B) the second wave C) the third wave D) the fourth wave

Which wave of the women's movement focused on the problems of women in the Least Industrialized Nations? A) the first wave B) the second wave C) the third wave D)the fourth wave

The majority of students graduating with a degree in library science are women. Research has shown that this sex typing of majors is primarily due to ________. A) gender discrimination in education B) women's natural strength in reading and language C) gender socialization D) the prestige of library science

The fact that nearly 80 percent of engineering degrees are awarded to men while 90 percent of library science degrees are awarded to women illustrates the phenomenon of ________. A) feminization of the workplace B) gender tracking C) affirmative action D) political correctness

In which profession have women made the greatest change in earning professional degrees compared to the number of degrees conferred to men? A) engineering B) psychiatry C) agriculture D) dentistry

In 1890, women made up about ________ of the U.S. labor force. Today, they represent almost ________. A) 0; 35 B) 10; 35 C) 15; 40 D) 20; 50

When many students graduate from college, they are able to earn an extra $17,000 a year between the ages of 25 and 65. These students manage to earn this bonus by ________. A) majoring in business B) being born male C) joining an influential fraternity/sorority D) majoring in medicine

Based on the same levels of academic achievement, where does the greatest pay gap exist between men and women over their lifetime? A) among high school dropouts B) among high school graduates C) among those who earned some college credits but no degree D) among college graduates

What is the term for gender discrimination against women who miss the work experience while they care for children at home? A) the child penalty B) the devaluation of women C) the glass ceiling D) the glass escalator

Joan and Jim were both hired to do the same work at the Acme Tool Company, although Jim's title is slightly different from Joan's. Jim has received a higher starting salary. What do sociologists call this form of employment discrimination? A) the testosterone bonus B) the good ol' boy network C) the blue-collar syndrome D) management by gender

Marketing, sales, and production positions are considered _________ that lead(s) to the top of a company. A) support positions B) barriers to jobs C) pipelines D) "women's work"

What term describes the invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels of a corporation? A) the glass ceiling B) the glass escalator C) gender tracking D) the hidden sex role

Agatha has worked for ten years in the public relations department of a large firm. She has been promoted to several higher paying managerial positions, but never to an executive position, even though she has directed several successful projects for the firm. Her lack of promotion most likely illustrates ________. A) the "glass ceiling" B) the "glass elevator" C) the "mommy track" D) sexual harassment

By the 1970s, women began to perceive unwanted sexual advances at work and school as part of a _______ problem. A) gender B) structural C) co-worker D) company

Which of the following statements best describes how feminists view sexual harassment? A) it is a fundamental difference in how men and women think B) it is based on the social process that guides society C) it is based on the structural problems imbedded in society D) it is caused by the biological differences between men and women

What has the Supreme Court ruled regarding the treatment of homosexuals in the workplace and sexual harassment? A) homosexuals can only file claims of sexual harassment if the aggressor was also a homosexual B) sexual desire is a fundamental requirement for a sexual harassment charge to be valid C) sexual harassment laws apply to homosexuals who are harassed by heterosexuals or other homosexuals on the job D) homosexuals are not a protected class and therefore are not covered by sexual harassment laws

Which of the following is not an example of sexual harassment? A) a male boss using his position of authority to pressure women who work for him to perform sexual favors B) a woman making obscene comments to a male homosexual she works with C) a homosexual male making unwanted advances toward a female colleague D) A high school boy acting obnoxious around a girl he is attracted to

Why do most acquaintance rapes go unreported to authorities? A) the victim does not wish to ruin her relationship with the perpetrator B) the victim feels partially responsible because she knows the perpetrator C) the perpetrator has invested time and money in developing a relationship with the victim D) the perpetrator has a higher social standing than the victim

The age range of women most likely to be victims of rape is ________. A) 12 to 15 B) 16 to 19 C) 20 to 24 D) 25 to 34

Which statement best summarizes the relationship between killers and their victims? A) women and men are equally represented as victims of homicide B) women and men are equally represented as perpetrators of homicide C) more women than men are victims of homicide D) men outnumber women as both victims and killers

Of the following, which political office is most represented by women in the United States, based on the percentage of the total officeholders? A) U.S. Senator B) U.S. House of Representative C) state Governor D) state Lieutenant Governor

What are the two careers most associated with being successful in politics, both of which are underrepresented by women? A) medicine and education B) law and medicine C) education and business D) law and business