SOCIOLOGY CHAPTER 6

A reason to study sexuality using the sociological perspective is a. sexuality is both important and controversial. b. most people understand sexuality very well. c. sexuality plays a minor part in many areas of social life. d. sexuality has already been thoroughly studied.

Which concept refers to the biological distinction between males and females? a. sex b. primary sex characteristics c. gender d. gender roles

The development of breasts in females and deeper voices in males are examples of a. gender norms. b. primary sex characteristics. c. secondary sex characteristics. d. cultural variation.

Which concept refers to humans who have some combination of female and male sexual characteristics? a. multi-sexed b. bisexual c. transsexual d. intersexual

If you often have the feeling of being "trapped in the wrong body," you might be a. a hermaphrodite. b. a homosexual. c. a transsexual. d. a bisexual.

Comparative research indicates that a. although sex has a biological foundation, sexual practices vary from place to place as an element of the culture. b. people throughout the world engage in the same sexual practices. c. sex is not permitted in some societies, but it is encouraged in others. d. sexuality is defined entirely by a biological "sex drive."

One norm found everywhere is the incest taboo, which refers to norms forbidding a. young children from engaging in sex. b. sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives. c. women from becoming sexually active before marriage. d. sex except for the purpose of having children.

The incest taboo a. limits sexual competition within families. b. confuses people's rights and obligations towards each other. c. breaks down the kinship system. d. discourages contact of family members with

About what share of the states in this country have laws that permit marriage between first cousins? a. none of the states b. five of the states c. half of the states d. all of the states

When did the sexual revolution begin? a. It began during the colonial era. b. It began during the Great Depression of the 1930s. c. It began in the 1940s and then grew quickly in the late 1960s. d. It began about 1980.

The importance of Alfred Kinsey's research on sexuality in the United States was a. making sexuality a focus of scientific study. b. showing that people were more conventional than most of society thought. c. encouraging less openness towards sexuality. d. that it signaled the end of the sexual revolution.

The sexual counterrevolution had begun in the United States by a. 1920. b. 1960. c. 1980. d. 1995.

The effect of the sexual counterrevolution was a. to keep sex only within marriage. b. to encourage people to limit their number of sexual partners or, in some cases, to abstain from sex entirely. c. to finally close the historical "double standard." d. to discourage the use of birth control technology.

Survey research on attitudes towards premarital sex tells us that a. the public is more accepting of premarital sex than it was a generation ago. b. there has been little or no change in public attitudes towards premarital sex in recent decades. c. the public is less accepting of premarital sex than it was a generation ago. d. almost no one today claims that premarital sex is wrong.

According to the Laumann study of sexual patterns among U.S. adults, a. almost everyone has about the same amount of sexual experience. b. single people have more sex than married people. c. there are striking differences in sexual experience within the U.S. population. d. in the age of AIDS , almost all sex is limited to married partners.

Research on extramarital sex shows that about _____ of married men and about _____ of married women remain faithful to their spouse throughout their married lives. a. 18 percent; 22 percent b. 25 percent; 75 percent c. 75 percent; 50 percent d. 81 percent; 88 percent

Which of the following concepts refers to a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person? a. sex role b. sexual orientation c. sexual experience d. personal transsexuality

Sexual attraction to someone of the same sex is called a. heterosexuality. b. bisexuality. c. homosexuality. d. asexuality.

Sexual attraction to people of both sexes is called a. heterosexuality. b. bisexuality. c. homosexuality. d. asexuality.

Sarah feels little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex. Her sexual orientation is called a. heterosexuality. b. bisexuality. c. homosexuality. d. asexuality.

The majority of evidence indicates that sexual orientation is rooted in a. human biology, although social experience plays some role. b. how societies construct sexuality. c. individual choice. d. the way young children are raised.

In 2012, about what percentage of U.S. adults claimed homosexuality is "always wrong" or "almost always wrong"? a. only 5 percent b. about 30 percent c. about 46 percent d. almost 100 percent

About ______ of men and _____ of women in the United States define themselves as "partly" or "entirely" homosexual. a. 1.7 percent; 1.1 percent b. 10 percent; 6 percent c. 28 percent; 14 percent d. 30 percent; 30 percent

The concept "homophobia" refers to a. fear of pregnancy. b. fear of one's own sexuality. c. fear of close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual. d. fear of attracting sexual interest from another person.

Teenagers with the highest probability of pregnancy are a. teenage women with low incomes and weak families. b. teenage women with high incomes. c. teenage women with little sexual experience. d. teenage women with high levels of education

Pornography is a. a proven scientific cause of violence against women. b. condemned by almost all conservatives but defended by almost all liberals. c. rare in the United States. d. very popular in the United States.

From a global perspective, prostitution is most common in a. high-income nations, where women are free to choose their profession. b. poor nations, where women have fewer economic opportunities. c. all nations, because prostitution is found in every country to about the same extent. d. Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, where women have fewer choices about their lives.

Elite prostitutes—young, attractive, and well-educated women—are widely referred to as _____. a. streetwalkers b. brothel workers c. call girls or escorts d. sex criminals

Prostitution is regarded by many people in the United States as a a. victimless crime. b. corporate crime. c. crime against the person. d. white-collar crime

Many people call prostitution a victimless crime because a. they believe that prostitution subjects women to outright violence. b. they believe that prostitution plays a part in spreading sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. c. they believe that many poor women become trapped in a life of selling sex. . they d believe that adults should be able to do as they please as long as no one is harmed.

A common myth is that a. many rapes are not reported to the police. b. official rape statistics include only victims who are women. c. in most cases of rape, the victim does not know the attacker. d. most men who rape men are not homosexual.

A widespread—but false—idea about rape is that a. many rapes take place in the home. b. women who are raped must have encouraged their attackers. c. men who rape are interested in power rather than sex. d. "date rape" is a common problem on college campuses.

The campus culture of "hooking up" involves sexual relationships between partners who a. know little about each other. b. are dating. c. desire long-term relationships with each other. d. are both content with these encounters.

The idea that society needs to regulate human sexuality is highlighted by a. the structural-functional approach. b. the symbolic-interaction approach. c. the social-conflict approach. d. queer theory.

Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth-control technology a. social control of sexuality becomes more strict. b. families, rather than individuals, make choices about sexual partners. c. social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive. d. the incest taboo no longer is observed.

Assume that you are investigating the consequences of the incest taboo for kinship organization in a number of societies. You are using a. the structural-functional approach. b. the symbolic-interaction approach. c. the social-conflict approach. d. queer theory.

The more global our view of sexuality a. the more variety we see in the meanings people attach to sexuality. b. the greater the evidence that biology defines sexuality. c. the clearer we see that sexual practices are mostly the same all around the world. d. the easier it is to understand the latent functions of sexuality.

If you were to study the changing meaning of virginity over the last century in our society, you would discover that the norm stating that people remain virgins until marriage a. has changed little. b. has become stronger with regard to women. c. has become stronger with regard to men. d. has become weaker.

If you were teaching a class about the symbolic-interaction approach to sexuality, you likely focus on a. understanding men's power over women. b. raising public concern about sexual harassment. c. how individuals in various settings engage in different sexual behavior and attach different meanings to sexual activity. d. understanding why society must regulate with whom and when people reproduce.

The ways in which sexuality is linked to social inequality is highlighted by a. the structural-functional approach. b. the symbolic-interaction approach. c. the social-conflict approach. d. queer theory.

The social-conflict approach emphasizes that a. the process of reality construction is highly variable, so that one group's views of sexuality may well differ from another's. b. sexuality plays an important role when it comes to the organization of society. c. U.S. culture often depicts sexuality in terms of sport and violence, such as when we speak of men "scoring" with women, and men "hitting on" women. d. different societies attach different meanings to sexual behavior.

Queer theory is a growing body of knowledge asserting that a. sex has always seemed strange to most people. b. no sexual practice should be considered wrong. c. people fear discovering their homosexuality. d. there is a heterosexual bias in U.S. society.

__________ refers to stigmatizing anyone who is not heterosexual as "queer." a. Homophobia b. Heterosexism c. Heterophilia d. Homophilia

Criticism of the social-conflict approach's view of sexuality would include the fact that a. sexuality is not a power issue for everyone. b. U.S. society has failed to take steps to reduce gender inequality. c. heterosexual culture victimizes a wide range of people. d. abortion is the most divisive issue involving sexuality.

The text suggests that the most widely contested issue involving sexuality in the United States in recent years has been a. homosexuality and gay rights. b. abortion. c. prostitution. d. teen pregnancy.

According to national survey data, what percentage of adults in the United States state that a woman should be able to obtain an abortion for any reason? a. 22 percent b. 42 percent c. 72 percent d. 92 percent