Psychology Test (exam 5) Modules 38 & 39

Heart disease and depression may both result when chronic stress triggers A.the release of NK cells. B.persistent inflammation. C.the production of lymphocytes. D.the release of oxytocin.

Stress is most likely to speed the progression from HIV to AIDS by A.slowing the shortening of telomeres. B.accelerating the production of NK cells. C.stimulating the release of endorphins. D.inhibiting the production of lymphocytes.

Two-thirds of Americans responding to surveys taken in the three weeks after the 9/11 terrorist attacks reported A.stomach ulcers. B.sleeping difficulties. C.upper respiratory infections. D.coronary heart disease.

Stress is defined as A.anything that decreases immune responses. B.unpleasant or aversive events that cannot be controlled. C.the process by which we perceive and respond to challenging or threatening events. D.situations that threaten health.

The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by A.exhaustion. B.an alarm reaction. C.resistance. D.a tend-and-befriend response.

Compared with men, women have ________ immune systems, and they are ________ susceptible to lupus and multiple sclerosis. A.weaker; more B.stronger; less C.stronger; more D.weaker; less

The greatest number of deaths in Africa today result from A.cancer. B.AIDS. C.malaria. D.strokes.

In their classic nine-year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared with Type A men, Type B men were A.less susceptible to stomach ulcers. B.less susceptible to heart attacks. C.more susceptible to stomach ulcers. D.more susceptible to heart attacks.

The emotional bonding and mutual support that survivors of natural disasters provide to one another best illustrates A.the general adaptation syndrome. B.the tend-and-befriend response. C.biofeedback. D.spontaneous remission.

Research on cancer patients reveals that A.stress affects the growth of cancer cells by weakening the body's natural resources. B.patients' attitudes can influence their rate of recovery. C.cancer occurs slightly more often than usual among those widowed, divorced, or separated. D.all of these statements are true.

A stress-moderating hormone released by cuddling and associated with pair-bonding is known as A.cortisol. B.serotonin. C.oxytocin. D.norepinephrine.

The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as A.behavioral psychology. B.psychobiology. C.medical psychology. D.health psychology.

AIDS is caused by a ________ infection spread primarily through ________. A.viral; the exchange of bodily fluids B.bacterial; the exchange of bodily fluids C.viral; airborne molecules D.bacterial; airborne molecules

Despite very stressful events in his life, Mark has been able to maintain good health. This is because of his persistent optimism and the emotional support of his family. An integrated understanding of Mark's well-being is most clearly provided by A.a biopsychosocial approach. B.the relative deprivation principle. C.personal control. D.the general adaptation syndrome.

The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are A.reactive frustration, sympathetic arousal, and parasympathetic inhibition. B.alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. C.adrenal release, cognitive appraisal, and stomach ulceration. D.attention, comprehension, and resistance.

The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health is called A.psychoneuroimmunology. B.biofeedback. C.evolutionary psychology. D.cognitive psychology.

As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system. A.sympathetic B.parasympathetic C.central D.somatic

B lymphocytes inhibit ________, whereas T lymphocytes inhibit ________. A.NK cells; cancer cells B.bacterial infections; viral infections C.HIV; AIDS D.heart attacks; strokes

The component of Type A behavior that is the most predictive of coronary disease is A.time urgency. B.competitiveness. C.high motivation. D.anger

In response to stress, the adrenal glands release A.lymphocytes. B.carcinogens. C.serotonin. D.epinephrine.

For Type A individuals, exposure to stress is especially likely to inhibit organs such as the ________ from removing cholesterol and fat from the blood. A.adrenal glands B.liver C.thyroid gland D.pancreas

The disease- and infection-fighting cells of the immune system are A. B lymphocytes. B. T lymphocytes. C. macrophages. D. all of these types of cells.

Walter Cannon observed that a variety of stressors trigger A.lowered blood sugar levels. B.biofeedback. C.an increase in the production of lymphocytes. D.a fight-or-flight reaction.

The ABC program is an educational program designed to prevent A.coronary heart disease. B.multiple sclerosis. C.HIV infections. D.allergic reactions.

Allergic reactions and arthritis are caused by A.an underreactive immune system. B.the presence of B lymphocytes. C.the presence of T lymphocytes. D.an overreactive immune system.

Genuine illnesses that are caused by stress are called ________ illnesses. A.cathartic B.psychogenic C.psychophysiological D.psychotropic

A Harvard School of Public Health research team studied 1306 initially healthy men over a 10-year period. They found that ________ were more than twice as likely as ________ to develop heart disease. A.married men; single men B.introverts; extraverts C.pessimists; optimists D.Type B personalities; Type A personalities

AIDS is a disorder that causes a breakdown in the body's A.immune system. B.endocrine system. C.circulatory system. D.respiratory system.

One effect of stress on the body is to A.increase the growth of B and T lymphocytes. B.suppress the immune system. C.facilitate the immune system response. D.increase disease resistance.

The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the ________ gland(s) in response to stimulations by the ________ branch of the nervous system. A.adrenal; sympathetic B.adrenal; parasympathetic C.pituitary; parasympathetic D.pituitary; sympathetic

Avoiding stress is LEAST likely to inhibit the progression of ________ in humans. A.viral infections B.coronary heart disease C.advanced cancer D.bacterial infections

An understanding of how stress affects our resistance to disease is the central focus of the field of A.psychosomatic medicine. B.psychoneuroimmunology. C.alternative medicine. D.cognitive psychology.

As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system. A.sympathetic B.parasympathetic C.central D.somatic

Addressing stressors with problem-focused coping would be most characteristic of those with A.a fight-or-flight reaction. B.a pessimistic outlook. C.a Type B personality. D.personal control.

A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their A.muscle tension. B.body weight. C.blood type. D.genetic makeup.

Social support ________ our ability to cope with stressful events. A.has no effect on B.usually decreases C.usually increases D.has an unpredictable effect on

People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of A.problem-focused coping. B.cancer. C.emotion-focused coping. D.heart disease.

The genes in muscle cells that are not activated by exercise produce lower quantities of proteins, which leaves us susceptible to A.type 2 diabetes. B.cardiovascular disease. C.cancer. D.all of these diseases.

Research has demonstrated that as a predictor of health and longevity, religious involvement A.rivals nonsmoking and exercise. B.is more accurate for men than women. C.is more accurate for women than men. D.has a small, insignificant effect.

Which of the following is most likely to foster stronger immune functioning? A.social support B.reduced lymphocyte levels C.carcinogens D.a Type A personality

Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused as children were especially likely to report health problems if they had A.been victimized before age 5. B.grown up in a religious family. C.kept the abuse a secret. D.been victimized by a stranger rather than by a close relative.

Evidence suggests that ________ may foster neurogenesis. A.optimism B.meditation C.social support D.aerobic exercise

Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of A.emotion-focused coping. B.CAM. C.spontaneous remission. D.biofeedback.

Mildly depressed female college students assigned to a program of ________ reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of ________. A.aerobic exercise; relaxation exercises B.biofeedback; meditation C.problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping D.acupuncture; cognitive therapy

The relaxation response associated with meditation is most likely to A.decrease oxygen consumption and increase blood pressure. B.increase oxygen consumption and decrease blood pressure. C.decrease oxygen consumption and decrease blood pressure. D.increase oxygen consumption and increase blood pressure.

A study in which Holocaust survivors spent time recalling their experiences found that A.most did not truthfully report feelings and events. B.all the survivors denied undergoing concentration camp horrors. C.all survivors experienced a sustained increase in blood pressure until they finished talking about their experiences. D.those who were most self-disclosing later had the most improved health.

During meditative relaxation, a part of the ________ lobe that tracks where we are in space is ________ active than usual. A.parietal; more B.frontal; more C.parietal; less D.frontal; less

Volunteers who participated in an eight-week course of meditation training exhibited increased levels of the ______ activity associated with positive emotions. A.somatic nervous system B.right hemisphere C.left hemisphere D.autonomic nervous system

Vanessa alleviated some of the stress associated with the death of her husband by becoming more actively engaged in her work. Her response best illustrates A.a Type B personality. B.emotion-focused coping. C.biofeedback. D.a fight-or-flight reaction.