PSYCH100 Chapter 3 Consciousness

-The brain experiences alert activity that mimics consciousness. -The eyes dart around. -Most muscles are paralyzed. -The brain produces beta waves.

alert awakefullness- beta waves just before sleep- alpha waves stage 1- Theta waves stage 2- k complex stage 3/4 -delta waves Rem- beta waves

Conscious task- activity that requires careful controlled processes subliminal perception- processing experiences without awareness Consciousness- subjective experience of the world unconscious task- activity that can be performed using automatic processes

-When Phyllis fractured her ankle, she took extra naps during the day and slept through the night. -Nine-year old Xavier, in the middle of a growth spurt, sleeps a lot every night. -Tamika, upon becoming pregnant, sleeps more than she used to.

-memory impairment from long-term use -boost of energy -slight hallucinations

parietal lobe- Gene realized a bird was in a tree to his right. primary motor cortex- Sheila walked slower because the terrain had become uneven. prefrontal cortex- Sheila and Gene planned out which trails to take. temporal lobe- Gene heard a new bird call. occipital lobe- Sheila saw a bird she had never seen before.

REM behavior disorder-While dreaming that he in a boxing match, Joseph found that he was actually punching his pillow. somnambulism- Anne was found swimming in the lake while she was in deep sleep. narcolepsy- Sundil was worried when his date seemed to suddenly fall asleep and went completely limp. sleep apnea- Bruce's wife complains that he snores loudly during sleep, repeatedly wakes up to breathe, and is sleepy during the day. insomnia- Janet lies awake for hours, unable to fall asleep.

-It increases the sensitivity of the sense of taste. -It produces perceptual and cognitive distortions. -It suppresses nausea in chemotherapy patients.

-reduced stress levels -reduced blood pressure -improved attention -reduced blood lipids

Conscious task- The pilot carefully checked all of his equipment before takeoff. subliminal perception- John hums a tune while he is driving, not realizing that he is humming it because it relates to a billboard he passed a minute earlier. Consciousness- On her country walk, Christine is aware of hearing the singing birds and the wind in the trees. unconscious task- A musician plays her guitar while talking with a friend about passersby in the park.

-Bob was looking at a black-and-white picture. When asked to imagine it in color, parts of his visual cortex involved in color perception became active. -After being thoroughly trained in self-hypnosis, Luke was able to minimize the pain felt from his bad knee.

-having biological parents who are or were substance abusers -having role models (such as parents or people they look up to) who abuse drugs or alcohol -attraction to novelty and risk taking -responsiveness to high dopamine activity in the limbic system

-Researchers can better understand the importance of relaying information between hemispheres in the brain. -It helps us improve our understanding of language function. -Researchers can better understand what brain functions occur in which specific hemisphere. -Researchers can better understand those brain areas that are located in one hemisphere, but serve both.

right hemisphere- good at spatial relationships left hemisphere - dominant for processing language -in a split-brain patient, makes up reasons to explain decisions of the opposite hemisphere -functions as an interpreter to construct a world that makes sense

-taking quick naps throughout the day to catch up on lost sleep -concentrating on trying to fall asleep -having a "nightcap" glass of scotch

rose- processed by left hemisphere -verbally report seeing it leaf- pick up with left hand -processed by right hemisphere

-Ben finds himself falling asleep for a couple seconds at a time throughout the day. -Ashleigh is irritable and moody for no apparent reason. -Joni got easy exam questions wrong even though she studied. -Jasper catches a virus that has been going around the office.

circadian rhythm melatonin pineal gland hypothalamus

analgesia. just as less dissociation

-The brain is in slow-wave sleep. -People are mostly disconnected from the external environment. -The brain produces delta waves. -The mind evaluates the environment for threats.

-Across the world, men are twice as likely to be heavy drinkers. -In many cultures, people believe that drinking will improve their social skills, sexual pleasure, confidence, power, and mood. -Children who watch their parents having fun while drinking are more likely to become heavy drinkers.

facilitating learning repairing damage hiding during times of danger

-For consolidating information, dreaming about the information is helpful. -A person who has a lot of information to consolidate may feel the need for more sleep.

-The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. -The left hemisphere uses language to identify stimuli presented in the right visual field. -The right hemisphere uses touch to identify stimuli presented in the left visual field. -Split brains have a severed corpus callosum.

-Dreams are caused by random neuron firings. -The limbic system is responsible for dreams' emotional content. -Deactivation of the frontal cortices is responsible for dreams' illogical character.

amygdala brain stem visual association areas motor cortex

introducing meditation starting a cycling group starting a music appreciation group

Someone who can be hypnotized may be highly suggestible. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work.