PSYCH 111 Chapter 12 Social Psychology

The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because _____. A. an increasing familiarity with novel stimuli facilitates liking B. arousal inhibits the correct performance of difficult tasks C. the loss of self-restraint often accompanies arousal and anonymity D. group discussion enhances whatever attitude is initially dominant in a group

Fred did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Fred did poorly because _____. A. the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class B. his parents had an argument the evening before the test C. he was not given enough time to complete the test D. he is unmotivated to do well in school

Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualist Western countries are more likely to demonstrate _____. A. ingroup bias B. conformity C. the fundamental attribution error D. ethnic stereotyping

A panhandler approaches you and your friend for some money. When your friend gives him a dollar, you explain to yourself that your friend did that because she is generous. You have attributed her behavior to a(n) _____. A. internal factor B. situational factor C. incorrect factor D. external factor

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink? A. "Do any of you see any potential problem with our group's position?" B. "As a group, we have to think carefully about all the pros and cons surrounding this issue." C. "To proceed democratically, we need to know the honest opinions of all group members." D. "We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue."

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of people to overestimate _____ factors and underestimate _____ factors when explaining the causes of other people's behavior. A. incorrect; situational B. dispositional; situational C. distinctive; dispositional D. situational; dispositional

Unjustifiable and negative behavior toward a group and its members is called _____. A. groupthink B. group polarization C. discrimination D. deindividuation

Compared with central route persuasion, peripheral route persuasion tends to _____. A. be more durable B. occur more rapidly C. involve a greater number of logical arguments D. be more likely to influence behavior

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because _____. A. the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted B. the "learners" made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances C. the "learners" obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest D. the "teachers" actually enjoyed shocking another person

When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of _____. A. deindividuation B. the fundamental attribution error C. the social-responsibility norm D. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

The branch of psychology called social psychology is most concerned with how people _____. A. think about, influence, and relate to one another B. think about their work environments C. think about their work environments D. change their behavior when being observed

A psychologist who studies attributions is most likely to look for the causes of behavior in _____. A. either the material self or the spiritual self B. the past C. the future D. either the person or the situation

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called _____. A. conformity B. dispositional attribution C. moral anxiety D. behavioral disconfirmation

With respect to friendships, your friend believes that, in general, "opposites attract."? Is she correct? A. Yes, but it seems that similarities are differences attract equally B. No, research suggests that people from relationships with others when the others are similar to themselves C. Yes, but only with respect to physical traits D. Yes, this appears to be true for a variety of dimensions

The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because _____. A. group discussion enhances whatever attitude is initially dominant in a group B. the loss of self-restraint often accompanies arousal and anonymity C. arousal inhibits the correct performance of difficult tasks D. an increasing familiarity with novel stimuli facilitates liking

In the classic social psychology experiment known as the Stanford Prison Experiment _____. A. the participants were assigned roles through random procedures B. the participants were assigned roles that were the opposite of their natural inclinations C. the participants who were thought to be "helpless" types were assigned the roles of prisoners D. the most sadistic participants were assigned the roles of guards

The set of people perceived as different from "us" is called a(n) _____. A. scapegoat B. outgroup C. other-race effect D. group polarization