Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by _______.
answer
increased resistance to blood flow, thickening of the myocardium and narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve
question
In this activity, the right flow tube simulates the _______.
answer
aorta
question
The compensating mechanisms tested in this activity include all of the following EXCEPT _______.
answer
decreasing preload
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In the activity, decreasing pressure in the right beaker is analogous to _______.
answer
decreasing afterload
question
Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______.
answer
increasing preload
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In this activity, the pump simulates the _______.
answer
left ventricle
question
When the left flow tube radius was increased, _______.
answer
the flow rate increased
question
Patients with aortic valve stenosis experience _______.
answer
increased thickness in the myocardium and a decrease in chamber volume
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An increase in venous return will _______.
answer
increase EDV and therefore, increase stroke volume
question
The overlap length of cardiac muscle in the healthy heart is _______.
answer
less than optimum for maximum tension production
question
Afterload is the pressure threshold that must be exceeded to open _______.
answer
the aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve
question
An increased preload is equivalent to, or causes, a(n) _______.
answer
increased EDV
question
Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______.
answer
increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload
question
Which variable was altered in this activity?
answer
stroke volume
question
An increase in venous return _______.
answer
occurs during exercise
question
The flow rate in this activity _______.
answer
stayed constant, because pump rate decreased as the stroke volume increased
question
During the ejection period, _______.
answer
blood is pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
question
Cardiac output is _______.
answer
equal to heart rate times (EDV minus ESV)
equal to blood flow and equal to heart rate times stroke volume
equal to blood flow
equal to heart rate times stroke volume
All of the above.
question
The left side of the heart pumps blood _______.
answer
through the aortic valve
question
What variable(s) can the cardiovascular system alter to maintain blood pressure?
answer
heart rate, stroke volume and resistance
question
The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______.
answer
end systolic volume
question
When the flow tube radius increased, _______.
answer
resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure
question
Which of the following stayed constant throughout this activity?
answer
stroke volume
question
Which right flow tube radius resulted in the fastest flow rate?
answer
5.0 mm
question
In this activity, which variable will be changed?
answer
pressure
question
Arteries that are closer to the heart ______
answer
have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes
question
In the cardiovascular system, the pressure gradient is provided by _______.
answer
the force of contraction of the heart and peripheral resistance in the blood vessels
question
Blood flow is _______.
answer
directly proportional to the pressure gradient
question
Which of the following result(s) in an increase in fluid flow rate?
answer
increase in pressure and increase in radius diameter
question
Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate.
answer
It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure.
question
In this activity, we changed the pressure delivered by the left beaker. This is analogous to _______.
answer
increasing the force of contraction of the heart
question
When blood vessel length increases, _______.
answer
surface area increases
question
Which of the following is true of blood vessel length?
answer
It increases as we approach puberty.
question
In this experiment, _______.
answer
blood vessel radius will be kept constant and blood vessel length will be varied
question
How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius?
answer
vasoconstriction
question
When the radius of the flow tube is decreased, the _______.
answer
fluid flow rate decreases
question
During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat _______________ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat ____________.
answer
dilated, constricted
question
Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through _______.
answer
vasodilation
question
The free-flowing blood located in the middle of a blood vessel is called _______.
answer
laminar flow
question
The flow rate of a liquid is _______.
answer
directly proportional to the pressure gradient
question
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched with the corresponding equipment used in this experiment?
answer
All of the above are matched correctly.
question
Which of the following has the greatest effect on peripheral resistance?
answer
blood vessel diameter
question
In this activity, which of the following were kept constant?
answer
blood vessel radius and blood vessel length
question
Which of the following describes the graph of flow versus viscosity?
answer
As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased and the graph was curved.
question
Which viscosity had the fastest flow rate?
answer
1
question
What is the typical range for viscosity of the blood?
answer
3 to 5
question
Polycythemia results in _______.
answer
increased resistance to flow
question
What is the effect of increased viscosity?
answer
decreased flow rate
question
Formed elements in the blood _______.
answer
include platelets and whole cells that slide past one another
question
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
answer
thrombocytes - plasma proteins
question
Increasing blood vessel length _______.
answer
has the same effect as decreasing blood vessel radius and increases resistance to flow
question
Which flow tube length had the greatest flow rate?
answer
10 mm
question
Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?
answer
blood vessel radius
question
Which of the following describes why the body might need to increase vessel length?
answer
to accommodate weight gain and height changes
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