Heart Quiz

The term "periccardium" refers to: A) the fibrous sac surrounding the heart B) the serous membrane lining the fibrous sac surrounding the heart C) the serous membrane covering the outer surface of the heart D) all of the above E) none of the above

The serous membrane lining the inside of the fibrous pericardium is the: A) visceral layer B) endocardium C) parietal layer D) synovial membrane

The term "epicardium" is synonymous with: A) fibrous pericardium B) parietal layer of serous pericardium C) visceral layer of serous pericardium D) endocardium

The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium is the: A) myocardial cavity B) pericardial cavity C) pleural space D) epidural space

The bulk of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue called the: A) myocardium B) papillary muscle C) trabeculae carneae D) epicardium

The layer of the heart that lines the atria and ventricles and forms the cuspid and semilunar valves is the: A) myocardium B) fibrous pericardium C) serous pericardium D) endocardium

The base of the heart is located: A) resting on the diaphragm B) between the 1st and 2nd costal cartilages C) between the 2nd and 3rd costal cartilages D) between the 5th and 6th costal cartilages

The heart is located: A) in the mediastinum B) mostly to the right of the midline C) mostly to the left of the midline D) both A and B E) both A and C F) none of the above

The upper chambers of the heart are _____ and _____. A) atria; pump blood within the heart B) atria; pump blood out of the heart C) ventricles; pump blood within the heart D) venticles; pump blood out of the heart.

The lower chambers of the heart are _____ and _____. A) atria; pump blood within the heart B) atria; pump blood out of the heart C) ventricles; pump blood within the heart D) venticles; pump blood out of the heart.

The external boundary between the venticles is marked by the: A) interventricular septum B) interatrial septum C) anterior and posterior interventricular sulci D) aorta, vena cava, and pulmonary arteries

Blood enters the right atrium from the: A) left and right pulmonary veins B) left and right pulmonary arteries C) superior and inferior vena cavae, and the coronary sinus D) ascending aorta

Before birth, blood bypasses from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale. In the adult, what structure is the remnant of the foramen ovale? A) fossa ovalis B) obturator foramen C) coronary sinus D) ligamentum arteriosum

What valve prevents blood from moving back from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular systole? A) bicuspid (mitral) valve B) tricuspid valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve

What muscles control the cuspid valves? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) papillary muscles C) chordae tendineae D) epicardium

Blood moves from the right ventricle into the: A) right atrium B) pulmonary trunk (pulmonary arteries) C) pulmonary veins D) aorta

Which chamber composes most of the base of the heart? A) right atrium B) right ventricle C) left atrium D) left ventricle

Blood enters the right atrium from the: A) pulmonary trunk (pulmonary arteries) B) superior and inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus C) pulmonary veins D) ascending aorta

The valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle is the: A) left atrioventricular valve B) tricuspid valve C) mitral valve D) bicuspid valve E) pulmonary semilunar valve F) aortic semilunar valve G) A, B, and C H) A, C, and D I) A, B, and E

As blood is pumped from the left ventricle, it passed through the _____. A) ductus arteriosus B) tricuspid valve C) mitral valve D) aortic semilunar valve E) pulmonary semilunar valve

The thickest myocardium is found in the walls of the _____. Why? A) right atrium; because it must pump against the high pressure of incoming venous blood from the vena cavae. B) left atrium; because it must pump into the high pressure of the left ventricle. C) right ventricle; because it must pump into the high resistance of the pulmonary circulation. D) left ventricle; because it pumps into the systemic circulation and must push blood through the whole body.

The atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) open when the papillary muscles: A) contract B) relax

When the atrioventricular valves are closed: A) blood cannot move forward from the atria into the ventricles. B) blood cannot backflow from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle or the aorta into the left ventricle. C) blood cannot move forward from the ventricles into the ventricles into the atria. D) blood cannot backflow from the atria into the ventricles. E) blood cannot backflow from the ventricles into the atria. F) blood cannot move forward from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk or the left ventricle into the aorta.

Which side of the heart pumps into the pulmonary circulation? A) left B) right

Which of the following vessels contain deoxygenated blood? A) systemic arteries B) pulmonary arteries C) systemic veins D) pulmonary veins E) both A and C F) both B and D G) both B and C H) both A and D

What vessels carry blood to the alveoli of the lungs for exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen? A) systemic veins B) pulmonary veins C) systemic arteries D) pulmonary arteries

An artery is a vessel that: A) carries oxygenated blood B) carries deoxygenated blood C) carries blood toward the heart D) carries blood away from the heart

The coronary circulation is characterized by many connections between arteries that supply the same region of the heart. This helps ensure blood supply in the event of a blockage (occlusion). What are these connections called? A) anastomoses B) arterioles C) capillary beds D) coronary bypass

What structure is known as the "pacemaker" of the heart because it starts the action potential that triggers each heartbeat? atrioventricular (AV) node sinoatrial (SA) node Purkinje fibers Bundle of His (AV bundle)

Action potentials are relayed from the lower part of the atrium (AV node) through the Bundle of His to the lower part of the venticle. This serves to: A) ensure that the entire heart is stimulated simultaneously. B) excite the venticles before the atria. C) ensure adequate separation of atrial and ventricular contraction, producing a wavelike contraction.

Action potentials are carried from the atria to the venticles by way of the _____ that lies along the interventricular septum. A) Purkinje fibers B) atrioventricular (AV) node C) Bundle of His (AV Bundle) D) Sinoatrial (SA) node

Systole refers to: A) contraction of atria or ventricles B) relaxation of atria or venticles C) contraction of atria only D) relaxation of ventricles only

The first heart sound (lub) is: A) the sound of ventricular muscle contracting B) the sound of cuspid (AV) valves closing during ventricular systole C) the sound of atrial muscle contracting D) the sound of semilunar valves closing during ventricular diastole

The second heart sound (dup) is: A) the sound of ventricular muscle contracting B) the sound of cuspid (AV) valves closing during ventricular systole C) the sound of atrial muscle contracting D) the sound of semilunar valves closing during ventricular diastole

Cardiac output is the product of _____ times _____. A) stroke volume; total blood volume B) total blood volume; heart rate C) total blood volume; body weight D) stroke volume; heart rate

The average amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat (approximately 70 ml) is known as: A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) pulse volume D) heart rate

The Frank-Starling Law states that: : A) the more heart muscle is stretched, the harder it contracts (e.g. due to increased blood volume during preloading) B) afterloading (e.g. hardening of the arteries) can increase the strength of heart contraction.

Baroreceptors detect: A) atmospheric pressure in lungs, signaling nervous system to increase heart rate if atmospheric pressure decreases. B) blood pressure in key arteries, signaling nervous system to increase heart rate if blood pressure decreases or decrease heart rate if blood pressure increases. C) atmospheric pressure in lungs, signaling nervous system to decrease heart rate if atmospheric pressure decreases. D) blood pressure in key arteries, signaling nervous system to decrease heart rate if blood pressure decreases or increase heart rate if blood pressure increases.

Heart rate is increased by the _____ nervous system. A) sympathetic B) peripheral C) parasympathetic D) central

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? A) contraction of ventricular muscle B) friction of blood against the chamber walls, C) closure of the heart valves D) excitation of the SA node

Cardiac reserve: A) is unrelated to health B) can be improved by regular exercise C) can be determined by auscultation D) is determined by your genes and not subject to improvement

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes: A) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output. B) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration. C) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate. D) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output.

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to: A) accommodate a greater volume of blood. B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole. C) pump blood through a smaller valve. D) pump blood with greater pressure.

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block. A) AV node B) AV valves C) AV bundle D) SA node

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates: atrial repolarization. ventricular depolarization. ventricular repolarization. atrial depolarization.

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the: left ventricle. right ventricle. right atrium. left atrium.

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the: papillary muscles. trabeculae carneae. venae cavae. pectinate muscles.

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is: pericarditis. myocardial infarct. ischemia. angina pectoris.

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope: in the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum. in the fifth right intercostal space. in the fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple. in the second intercostal space to the left of the sternum.

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of: the coronary sinus. coronary veins. coronary arteries. the fossa ovalis.

When the heart is beating at a rate of 75 times per minute, the duration of one cardiac cycle is ________ second(s). 1.0 1.8 0.8 1.2

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate? gender age body temperature skin color

Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart? fibrosis of cardiac muscle decline in cardiac reserve atherosclerosis thinning of the valve flaps

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from: an inadequate supply of lactic acid. decreased delivery of oxygen. a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways. a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production.

Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they: have gap junctions. have end walls. have intercalated disks. have I and A bands.

Cardiac output is about ________ L/min. 5.25 6.26 4.25 7.27

The pericardial cavity: is a space between the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. is another name for the chambers of the heart. is the region of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart. contains a lubricating fluid called serous fluid.

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells: contractions would last as long as the refractory period. it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation. it would be less than 1-2 ms. tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action.

Norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by: causing threshold to be reached more quickly. blocking the action of calcium. decreasing heart contractility. causing a decrease in stroke volume.

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that: the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart.

Foramen ovale: connects the two atria in the fetal heart. is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum. is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close. is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus.

The stroke volume for a normal resting heart is ________ ml/beat. 90 50 30 70

Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole? pulmonary artery pulmonary veins aorta venae cavae

Blood enters which of these vessels during ventricular systole? aorta aorta and pulmonary arteries pulmonary vein pulmonary arteries

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart? SA node AV node bundle of His AV valve

The tricuspid valve is closed: while the ventricle is in diastole. by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle. when the ventricle is in systole. while the atrium is contracting.

When holding a dissected heart in your hands, it is easy to orient the right and left side by: locating the aorta. finding the pulmonary semilunar valves. noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls. tracing out where the vena cava enters the heart.

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction. The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. Semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells. The all-or-none law as applied to cardiac muscle means that the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all. The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle cells are each innervated by a sympathetic nerve ending so that the nervous system can increase heart rate. The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts. The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium. The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle: has more nuclei per cell. cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium. lacks striations.

Cardiac muscle: relies mostly on glycolysis for energy. has fewer mitochondria than skeletal muscle. can operate for long periods without oxygen as long as lactic acid is present. has sarcomeres with A bands and I bands.

The deflection waves in an ECG tracing include: the Q-T interval, which indicates the time of atrial contraction. the P wave, which is present only in patients who have had a heart attack. the PQRS complex, which follows ventricular contraction. the T wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization.

During the period of ventricular filling: it is represented by the P wave on the ECG. pressure in the heart is at its peak. the atria remain in diastole. blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves.

The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon: results in decreased cardiac output. is caused by hypertrophy of the heart muscle. does not occur in aerobic training. is a sign of dangerous overexertion.

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? ventricular ejection ventricular filling isovolumetric contraction isovolumetric relaxation

Stenosis of the mitral valve may initially cause a pressure increase in the: pulmonary circulation. coronary circulation. venae cavae. left ventricle.

If a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal pericardial layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence? decreased friction between the visceral and parietal layers decreased production of fluid in the pericardial cavity since it is no longer necessary interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity strengthening of the delicate pericardial layers and an improvement of cardiac function

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid: heart rate would increase due to a decreased time for depolarization of the pacemaker cells. heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present. slow calcium channels in the pacemaker tissue would be cycling at a greater rate. tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle.

Select the correct statement about cardiac output. Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases. A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.

During contraction of heart muscle cells: the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to cell by gap junctions. the action potential is initiated by voltage-regulated slow calcium channels. calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have been stimulated. some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores.

Isovolumetric contraction: occurs while the AV valves are open. occurs only in people with heart valve defects. occurs immediately after the semilunar valves close. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers.

Commotio cordis is: heart failure due to a mild electrical shock. heart failure due to a severe electrical shock. heart failure due to a loss of blood. heart failure due to a relatively mild blow to the chest.

Negative chronotropic factors are: factors that increase afterload. factors that increase heart rate. factors that decrease afterload. factors that decrease heart rate.