Chapter 18 Practice Test!!!!!

What does the T wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represent? A ventricular depolarization B atrial depolarizaton C ventricular repolarization D atrial repolarization

During the period of ventricular filling ________. A it is represented by the P wave on the ECG B pressure in the heart is at its peak C the atria remain in diastole D blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole? A venae cavae B pulmonary trunk C pulmonary veins D aorta

Which of the following terms refers to a lack of oxygen supply to heart muscle cells? Which of the following terms refers to a lack of oxygen supply to heart muscle cells? A functional syncytium B infarction C ischemia D embolism

A premature ventricular contraction is classified as a(n) __________. A heart block B extrasystole C ectopic focus D arrhythmia

Which of the following is the outermost covering of the heart? A visceral layer B fibrous pericardium C parietal layer D epicardium

Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? A increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume B decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume C increased heart rate and increased stroke volume D decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume

Which of the following would increase heart rate? A decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system B epinephrine and norepinephrine C increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system D acetylcholine

How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume? A decreased end diastolic volume B increased end diastolic volume C increased end systolic volume D increased contractility

By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume? A increased contractility B increased end systolic volume C increased end diastolic volume D decreased end diastolic volume

How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output? A increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output B decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output C decreased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output D no change in stroke volume and decreased cardiac output

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A ventricular ejection B isovolumetric contraction C ventricular filling D isovolumetric relaxation

Which of the following structures sets the pace of heart contraction? A bundle branches B AV node C SA node D atrioventricular bundle

Isovolumetric contraction ________. A occurs only in people with heart valve defects B refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers C occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close D occurs while the AV valves are open

The tricuspid valve is closed ________. Check all that apply. A while the ventricle is in diastole B when the ventricle is in systole C while the atrium is contracting D by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle

Into which chamber do the pulmonary veins send blood? A right atrium B left ventricle C right ventricle D left atrium

Into what vessel does the left ventricle eject blood? A pulmonary veins B pulmonary trunk C aorta D superior vena cava

In what direction does blood flow through the heart? A from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure B from ventricles to atria C from a region of high oxygen content to a region of low oxygen content D from a region of high volume to a region of low volume

Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A ventricular ejection B isovolumetric contraction C atrial contraction D isovolumetric relaxation

At what point during the cardiac cycle does the AV valve close? A when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure B when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure C when aortic pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure D when the semilunar valve opens

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve open? A when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure B when the AV valve closes C when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure D when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure

Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A ventricular filling B isovolumetric relaxation C isovolumetric contraction D ventricular ejection

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve close? A when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure B when pressure in the ventricle becomes less than aortic pressure C when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure D when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure

Isovolumetric relaxation is characterized by which of the following? A Pressure in the ventricle exceeds pressure in the aorta. B Pressure in the atrium exceeds pressure in the ventricle. C The semilunar and AV valves are closed. D Blood flows backward through the heart from high to low pressure.

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the AV valve open? A when the semilunar valve closes B when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure C when aortic pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure D when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure

At what point in the cardiac cycle is pressure in the ventricles the highest (around 120 mm Hg)? A mid-to-late diastole (ventricular filling) B mid-to-late diastole (atrial contraction) C early diastole (isovolumetric relaxation) D ventricular systole

Heart murmurs caused by a stenotic mitral valve ______. A are detected while blood flow into the left ventricle is reduced B are detected due to the turbulent blood flow that occurs as blood backflows into the left atrium C are detected if the valve's cusps are thin and flexible D All of the listed responses are true.

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________. A angina pectoris B myocardial infarct C ischemia D pericarditis

What is the main function of heart valves? A to separate the atria and ventricles B to separate the left and right atria C to pump blood through the heart D to prevent backward flow of blood

When the atria contract, which of the following is true? A The ventricles are in diastole. B The semilunar valves are open. C The AV valves are closed. D The atria are in diastole.

Which of the following is equivalent to the ventricular volume during isovolumetric contraction? A the minimum ventricular volume (MVV) B The end diastolic volume (EDV) C the end systolic volume (ESV) D the stroke volume (SV)

Which of the following is true during ventricular systole? A The AV valves are closed. B The atria are in systole. C The ventricles are relaxed. D The ventricles are empty.

During the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following is true? A The ventricles are in diastole. B The semilunar valves are open. C The atria are in systole. D The AV valves are open.

Most of the decrease in ventricular volume takes place during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A ventricular filling B ventricular ejection C atrial contraction D isovolumetric relaxation

Which of the following is equivalent to the ventricular volume during isovolumetric relaxation? A maximum ventricular volume (MVV) B end systolic volume (ESV) C stroke volume (SV) D end diastolic volume (EDV)

Most of the increase in left ventricular volume takes place during what phase of the cardiac cycle? A ventricular ejection B atrial contraction C isovolumetric relaxation D ventricular filling

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________. A ventricular repolarization B atrial repolarization C ventricular depolarization D atrial depolarization

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood via the pulmonary circuit? A right ventricle B left atrium C right atrium D left ventricle

Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________. A ventricular diastole B ventricular systole

Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? A Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves. B The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria.

Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. A Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. B Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal. C Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria.

What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? A equal ventricular and aortic pressures B higher ventricular pressure than aortic pressure C greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle

Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. A isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction B ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation C isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation D ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction

Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? A AV valves only B semilunar valves only C both semilunar and AV valves

Cardiac tamponade results in ineffective pumping of blood by the heart because the excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity will______. A prevent the visceral layer of the serous pericardium from properly surrounding the heart B prevent the heart from filling properly with blood C prevent proper oxygenation of the blood D interfere with the ability of this fluid to lubricate the serous membranes

Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the time during which the atria repolarize? A T wave B Q-T interval C P wave D QRS complex

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________. A a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways B decreased delivery of oxygen C an inadequate supply of lactic acid D a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production