Personality Psych 238 – Chapter 4 Review

The trait approach is based on empirical research

The trait approach focuses exclusively on

Personality trait measurements are typically made on what kind of scale?

One weakness of the trait approach is that it

According to Kluckhohn and Murray, "Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men, (b) like some other men, (c) like no other man." Which section of this quote most closely reflects what trait psychologists study?

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

Which age group is likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?

According to the text, which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

Walter Mischel and his 1968 book Personality and Assessment are noteworthy because Mischel

In his book Personality and Assessment, Walter Mischel argued that

The situationist argument holds that A) a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality. B) situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior. C) our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed. D) All of the above.

In his book Personality and Assessment, Mischel argued that behavior can be most accurately predicted from

Situationism is the position that A) situations do not influence behavior. B) situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior. C) the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited. D) Both b and c.

Which of the following is NOT part of the situationist argument?

Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate?

The behavioral measurements used in the studies reviewed by Mischel were ________.

When a researcher examines the association between behaviors at a party on Friday night and how many times someone volunteers to answer questions in class on Monday, she is looking at the association between ________ and ________.

A correlation coefficient is a(n) ________ that ranges between ________.

An extremely important criterion for any measurement of a personality trait is whether it

If there is a positive correlation between extraversion and risk taking, then the

According to situationists, the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as

The situationist argument states that correlations between personality and behavior or between behavior in one situation and behavior in another ________.

One response to Mischel's critique asserts that a fair review of the research on the predictability of behavior from personality traits indicates that

What was the first counterargument in the personality psychologists' response to the situationist critique?

The arguments in Mischel's Personality and Assessment concerning the ability of traits to predict behavior were based on ________.

Which of the following behaviors would be the easiest to predict accurately?

Which of the following behaviors would tend to be consistent across situations?

Someone who is ________ is likely to express their personality consistently from one situation to the next.

Which of the following would be an example of using a moderator variable approach to improve the predictability of behavior from personality?

According to the text, the purpose of personality traits is to predict ________.

How would a situationist interpret a correlation of .30 between emotional stability and relationship satisfaction?

Traditionally, the usual practice in evaluating the degree to which behavior is affected by the situation has been to ________.

Historically, personality psychologists have concentrated on ________ to evaluate the effects of personality variables, whereas social psychologists have concentrated on ________to evaluate the effects of situational variables.

According to the analogy drawn in the text between situational effects on behavior and Scud missiles, situations are powerful because they ________.

A social psychologist who focuses on statistical significance is concerned with ________, whereas a personality researcher who focuses on effect sizes is concerned with ________.

Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. They converted the results to effect sizes and found that the effects were equivalent to correlations in the range of ________ (in absolute value).

Funder and Ozer (1983) converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes. After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists, Funder and Ozer concluded that

Which of the following was NOT a study that Funder and Ozer reviewed in their work calculating the size of the situation coefficient?

Funder disagrees with which of the following interpretations of his

According to the text, the most plausible explanation for the 17,953 trait terms found by Allport and Odbert (1936) is that

The large number of trait terms in the English language indicates that A) we need an abundance of trait terms to distinguish between different types of people. B) personality traits are an important part of our culture. C) when it comes to personality, one size does not fit all. D) All of the above.

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?

Political liberalism is associated with what trait?

Happiness is associated with what trait?

Research regarding the person-situation debate indicates that ________ are relevant to how people will act under specific circumstances and that ________ are better for describing how people act in general.

Citizenship behavior at work is predicted by which trait?