Psychology Chapter 13

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of:

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptoms:

Freud believed that ________ are the "royal road to the unconscious."

The text defines personality as

A psychoanalyst would characterize a person who is impulsive and self-indulgent as possessing a strong ________ and a weak ________.

Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's:

According to Freud's theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between:

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called:

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called:

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates:

Four-year-old Timmy has not wet his bed for over a year. However, he starts bed-wetting again soon after his sister is born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates:

When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of:

Survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

Which of Freud's ideas would not be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the:

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it:

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as:

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with:

Freud suggested that the remembered events and images in our dreams were a censored expression of the dream's:

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be:

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his:

According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the:

The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective.

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, a child who frequently "slips" and calls her teacher "mom" probably:

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of:

Reaction formation refers to the process by which people:

Neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney believed that:

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

The parallel processing of distinctive dimensions of a visual scene such as movement, color, and shape best illustrate the importance of:

Which of Freud's ideas would not be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the:

Contemporary psychologists are least likely to agree with Freud's belief that:

During the early psychosexual stages, the id's psychic energy is focused on:

According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.

Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit:

Free association is central to the process of:

Which of the following techniques did Freud use to discover the latent content of his patients' dreams?

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as:

By professional training, Freud was a:

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n):

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a:

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of:

Recent research has provided more support for defense mechanisms such as ________ than for defense mechanisms such as ________.

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cellphone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive:

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of:

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a:

Id is to ego as ________ is to ________.

Suzy bought a used, high-mileage automobile because it was all she could afford. Attempting to justify her purchase, she raves to her friends about the car's attractiveness, good acceleration, and stereo. According to Freud, Suzy is using the defense mechanism of:

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the:

According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of:

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the development of:

Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious mind?

Mrs. Smith, who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation, tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory, Mrs. Smith best illustrates:

Compared with Freud, contemporary research psychologists are less likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving:

According to Freud, ________ is the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their ________.

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely

The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of:

Recent research on the Big Five personality factors provides evidence that:

The Big Five personality factors are:

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of:

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.

Neo-Freudian personality theorists were most likely to disagree with Freud about the importance of:

The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects:

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates:

Laura fails to recognize any connection between her unsafe sexual practices and the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted infection. Laura's lack of perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of:

Unrealistic optimism could best be described as a(n):

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate:

Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly demonstrates:

A frontal lobe area involved in ________ is ________ active in extraverts than in introverts.

People respond to stress with greater anxiety if they have:

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysencks' basic personality dimensions she would be classified as:

Dr. Gonzalez believes that most students can be classified as "Type A" or "Type B" according to the intensities of their personalities and competitiveness. Evidently, Dr. Gonzalez is working within the ________ perspective.

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as:

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from:

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that:

Research on locus of control indicates that internals are ________ than externals.

Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates:

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with high self-esteem?

Accepting ourselves without undue dependence on the approval of others best illustrates:

A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when criticized.

A major difference between the psychoanalytic and trait perspectives is that:

Because you have a relatively low level of brain arousal, a trait theorist would suggest that you are a(n) ________ who would naturally seek ________.

Isaiah is sober and reserved; Rashid is fun-loving and affectionate. The Eysencks would say that Isaiah ________ and Rashid ________.

Isaiah is sober and reserved; Rashid is fun-loving and affectionate. The Eysencks would say that Isaiah ________ and Rashid ________.

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

A "lie scale" that assesses the extent to which a person is faking to make a good impression is included in the:

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of:

Social cues are especially likely to influence our behavior in ______ settings, and personality traits are especially likely to influence our behavior in ______ situations.

One of the Big Five personality factors is:

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our:

Compared to those with an external locus of control, people who perceive an internal locus of control are more likely to:

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

Characteristic patterns of behavior and motivation are called:

Trait theory attempts to:

One of the Big Five personality factors is: .

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our:

Research on locus of control indicates that internals are ________ than externals.

Trait theory attempts to:

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n):

A personality inventory that utilizes only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is called a(n) ________ test.

A major criticism of trait theory is that it:

Assessing an individual's standing on the Big Five today has the advantage of providing a(n) ________ personality description.

Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following:

An example of the self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to:

Freud is to the psychoanalytic perspective as Allport is to the ________ perspective.

The ________ classifies people according to Carl Jung's personality types.

Studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly conscientious on another occasion. This should make psychologists more cautious about overestimating the impact of ________ on behavior.

Nadine has a relatively low level of brain arousal. Trait theorists would probably predict that she is:

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic:

The MyersBriggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types identified by:

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing:

Freud suggested that adults with a passive and submissive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of: