Oceanograpby Chapter 1-4

The scientist method included all of the following EXCEPT

The Four principle ocean of the Earth are the

Fish first appeared

Heterotrophic organisms can make their own own food from inorganic carbon sources.

Free oxygen was present in the Earth's primordial atmosphere.

The salinity of the oceans has been steadily increasing.

Radioactive isotopes can sometimes be used to determine

Anaerobic organisms require oxygen to survive.

Organisms that break down organic molecules and release energy are called:

When the Earth cooled, the layers of the earth separated based on density differences.

Earth developed the first ocean by about 4 million years ago.

Radiometric age dating is used to determine the age of most rock layers.

The separation of the Earth into layers was the result of the

Free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth because oxygen

The "Age of Discovery" began with

Carbon dating is used to determine the absolute age of a rock or fossil.

In general, the chemical composition of ocean water has remained constant through geologic time.

The nebular hypothesis suggests that

Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE?

One distinction between an "ocean" and a "sea" is that a sea

The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago.

Oceanic crust is primarily:

Vikings led by Thor Heyerdahl established temporary colonies in North America.

All of the following are TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean except:

The Ming Dynasty ships used magnetic compasses similar to those used today.compasses similar to those used today.

Vine and Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining

Deep ocean trenches are associated with

Coral reefs

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a

At divergent plate boundaries, only shallow focus earthquakes can be found.

Oceans become deeper moving away from ridges due to

Paleomagnetism confirms that at particular times in the geologic past Earth has had more than one magnetic north pole.

The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is

Climate distribution on Earth is primarily controlled by

All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along:

Convergent plate boundaries occur when tectonic plates move in opposite directions.

Moving from oceanic ridge to oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere

Iceland is geologically active because it sits above a hotspot and is located along the mid-Atlantic ridge.

The relatively young age of the seafloor supports the idea that subduction must take place.

Differences in height between continental crust and oceanic crust are explained by

Deep focus earthquakes are often associated with deep-sea trenches.

The San Andreas Fault

Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the

Water depth decreases as you move away from the mid-ocean ridge.

Confirmation of seafloor spreading was supported by the

All of the following are true of the Wilson Cycle except

New crust is formed at trenches and old crust is subducted at ridges.

Earthquakes are common along fracture zones.

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries?

The oldest rocks are located at mid-ocean ridges.

Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with

New lithosphere is produced in association with

Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are:

The most gradual change in slope in the ocean can be found at the

Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the

Due to the very harsh environment, few organisms are found in association with hydrothermal vents.

The instrument that emits a high-frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950s is the

Trenches change their position over time.

All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the

The two relatively flat areas on the hypsometric curve represent

Seamounts are the feature labeled

Seamounts form from ancient tablemounts

The most rapid change in slope in the ocean is found at the

A sediment-laden current that flows off of the continental shelf is called a turbidity current

Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers on land.

Subduction zones appear to remain nearly stationary over long periods of time.

These organisms are most likely found in

Mid-ocean ridges are rises that occupy a small portion of the deep ocean basin, only around 10%.

Abyssal hills are only visible in the Pacific Ocean because

Tablemounts are the features labeled

The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is

Passive continental margins are characterized by all of the following except

Submarine canyons were most likely formed by

The Pacific Ring of Fire is the seismically active area at the margins of the Pacific plate where earthquakes and volcanoes are common

With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are

The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits world-wide is

Sediments produced as a result of chemical reactions in seawater are called

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)

Calcium carbonate, phosphates, and manganese may precipitate out of solution to form deposits on the ocean floor.

All of the following are lithogenous sediments except

Organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the sediment.

Tektites are glassy rock fragments of cosmic origin.

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called

The sediments that are produced in areas of high primary productivity are indicated by the number(s):

Phosphate nodules are found on the continental shelf.

Sediments derived form preexisting rocks are called

Ocean sediments provide all of the following mineral resources except

Calcareous shells will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4500 meters (around 15,000 feet)

A glacial deposit is well-sorted

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?

High energy environments are most likely to contain which one of the following?

A pelagic clay contains lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:

The major force bringing continental sediments to the open ocean is (are)

Beach sand is usually well-sorted.

Calcareous oozes are represented by the number(s);

The organisms in this photograph would most likely produce oceanic sediments that are:

The deposition of radiolarian oozes is affected by the carbonate compensation depth

Sediments found on continental margins are called