What prompted the first widespread mapping of the ocean floor?
answer
The importance of submarine warfare during World War II
question
Seafloor depth was first determined by what remote sensing technology?
answer
echo sounder
question
What did the maps of the ocean floor produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp reveal about seafloor topography?
answer
There are ridges in the middle of the ocean basin floors.
question
Why did Heezen and Tharp have to do "inspired guessing" when creating their maps of the ocean floor?
answer
There were gaps in the data that were used to make the map because the tracks of the ships collecting the data were widely spaced.
question
As Heezen and Tharp interpreted the ocean depth data, they identified what unusual feature that hinted at continental drift?
answer
The oceanic ridges have a cleft, or rift, in the middle rather than a peak.
question
The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was:
answer
Alfred Wegener.
question
Climate distribution on Earth is primarily controlled by:
answer
latitude
question
Wegener used all the following to provide evidence for continental drift except :
answer
seafloor magnetic pattern.
question
Which of the following lines of evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support the concept of drifting continents?
answer
-the pattern of similar mountain belts on different continents
-evidence of glaciers in areas that are now tropical
-the way the shapes of the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle
-the distribution of species of fossils
question
Which of the following statements about tectonic plates is true?
answer
Most tectonic plates contain both oceanic and continental lithosphere.
question
What is the relationship between continent edges and plate boundaries?
answer
Very few plate boundaries follow the edges of continents.
question
What was Panthalassa?
answer
the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed
question
What was the Tethys Sea?
answer
a piece of the Panthalassa Ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed
question
What was Pangaea?
answer
a supercontinent that began to break apart about 200 million years ago
question
What were the names of the two smaller super continents that formed when Pangaea broke apart?
answer
Laurasia and Gondwanaland
question
Which supercontinent contained Africa and South America?
answer
Gondwanaland
question
What caused the formation of the Himalayas?
answer
the collision of India with Asia
question
Sea floor spreading along the axis of an oceanic ridge results in symmetrical patterns of all of the following EXCEPT ______________.
answer
the location of subduction zones
question
True or False:
The relatively young age of the seafloor supports the idea that subduction must take place.
answer
True
question
True or False:
Paleomagnetism confirms that at particular times in the geologic past Earth has had more than one magnetic north pole.
answer
False
question
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as:
answer
parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges.
question
Tectonic plates are pieces of the ________ that float on the more fluid ________ below.
answer
lithosphere; asthenosphere
question
Moving from an oceanic ridge to an oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere:
answer
increases in proportion to the distance.
question
Why does the sea floor have a striped pattern of magnetic anomalies that is symmetric with respect to the mid-ocean ridge?
answer
-The polarity of Earth's magnetic field experiences reversals.
-The igneous rock of the ocean floor preserves Earth's existing magnetic field as the rock cools.
-The ocean floor is spreading apart, and new sea floor is forming.
question
Of the following statements about ocean crust, which is/are true?
answer
-Ocean crust is destroyed at deep sea trenches.
-Ocean crust is created at the mid-ocean ridge.
question
The slowly increasing distance between South America and Africa is due to ______________.
answer
seafloor spreading
question
Old Faithful Geyser at Yellowstone National Park in the United States acquires its energy from a _______________.
answer
hot spot
question
Layered ______________ exposed by erosion can be seen when looking at the Grand Canyon in the United States.
answer
sedimentary rock
question
Australia is composed of relatively old and thick ______________.
answer
continental crust
question
The extremely deep ocean Marianas Trench is a result of _____________.
answer
subduction
question
_______________ found in the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe is composed of dense and relatively young rock.
answer
seafloor crust
question
The earthquakes that occur in Southern California generally occur above a _______________.
answer
fault
question
Which properties of a lava lamp are important to remember when modeling convection?
answer
The lava lamp contains two liquids with different densities that do not mix and that expand at different rates when heated.
question
Why does the orange liquid rise when the lava lamp animation is plugged in?
answer
Although both liquids expand when heated, the orange liquid expands more.
question
What is the appropriate term for the movement of the orange liquid in the lava lamp animation?
answer
convection
question
Where in a lava lamp would the density of both materials be equal?
answer
near the middle of the lamp
question
What would happen to the orange liquid in the lava lamp if heat did NOT conduct out of the top of the lava lamp?
answer
The orange liquid would stay near the top of the lava lamp.
question
What would happen in the lava lamp if the orange liquid were denser at warmer temperatures than the blue/clear liquid shown in the animation?
answer
The blue/clear liquid would rise toward the top when the lamp was turned on, whereas the orange liquid would sink.
question
Which two processes commonly generate magma?
answer
decompression melting and wet melting (the addition of volatiles)
question
Where does the water involved in melting at subduction zones come from?
answer
Water contained within minerals in the subducting plate is released during metamorphism.
question
What is peridotite?
answer
the rock making up the mantle
question
Why is water a necessary component of the melting process in subduction zones?
answer
The addition of water lowers the melting temperature of rock.
question
Why is decompression melting common at mid-ocean ridges but not at subduction zones?
answer
Tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, resulting in a lowering of pressure beneath the ridge. Tectonic plates are moving together at subduction zones, resulting in an increase of pressure under new mountains.
question
Which of the following could cause rock to melt?
answer
-change in composition
-decrease in pressure
-increase in temperature
question
Match the term with the appropriate phrase.
mid-ocean ridge
answer
spreading center
question
Match the term with the appropriate phrase.
trench
answer
subduction zone
question
True or False:
Deep-sea trenches are found at convergent plate boundaries.
answer
True
question
True or False:
A rift valley may be associated with divergent plate boundaries.
answer
True
question
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a:
answer
divergent plate boundary.
question
Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries?
answer
volcanic island arcs
question
Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries?
answer
uplifted mountain ranges
question
Please identify the word or phrase that does not fit the pattern.
A. hydrothermal vents
B. island arcs
C. tall, folded mountain belts
D. oceanic trenches
E. large volcanoes caused by subduction
answer
A
question
Please identify the word or phrase that does not fit the pattern.
A. transform fault
B. San Andreas Fault
C. oceanic transform fault
D. Mendocino Fracture Zone
E. Mariana Trench
answer
E
question
If ocean crust forms at a rate of 10 centimeters per year, how much ocean crust can be created in 20 million years? Select only one answer.
answer
2000 kilometers
question
Of the following statements about nemataths and volcanic arcs, which is/are true?
answer
-A nematath is created by a hotspot.
-A volcanic arc is associated with a convergent plate boundary.
-In a volcanic arc, any of the volcanoes can be active at any time.
-In a nematath, the age of the volcanoes progressively decreases as you move closer to the volcanic source.
-Nemataths and volcanic arcs are both the result of volcanic activity.
question
How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?
answer
Plates move apart.
question
How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
answer
Plates move toward one another.
question
How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?
answer
Plates slide past one another.
question
In general, where do earthquakes AND volcanic eruptions occur?
Choose all that apply.
n general, where do volcanoes form in subduction zones?
answer
on the overriding plate, away form the convergent boundary
question
Why are volcanoes NOT found at transform boundaries?
answer
Transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle.
question
The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary?
answer
an ocean
question
Which of the following are common tectonic settings associated with volcanic activity?
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
Which of the following is a present-day example of a continental rift?
answer
the East African rift valley
question
Which of the following often forms after continental rifting?
answer
a new ocean basin
question
Where are continental volcanic arcs found?
answer
on the overriding plate near a subduction zone
question
ow are continental rift magmas and continental arc magmas different?
answer
Continental arc magmas are more viscous than continental rift magmas.
question
ow are island arc and continental arc magmas similar?
answer
Both are formed near subduction zones
question
Which of the following are examples of modern-day island arcs?
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
answer
-Aleutian Islands
-Mariana Islands
question
What is a mantle plume?
answer
a circular column of magma that rises from deep within Earth
question
Which of the following is an example of modern-day mantle plume volcanism?
answer
Hawaiian Islands
question
Transform boundaries are classified under what type of fault?
answer
strike-slip
question
What role do transform boundaries play?
answer
Transform boundaries connect other segments of plate boundaries.
question
Do fracture zones near transform boundaries play a role in plate motion?
answer
No; fracture zones play no role in plate motion.
question
What is the relationship between transform boundaries and mid-ocean ridges?
answer
Transform boundaries connect segments of mid-ocean ridges.
question
In which direction is the plate moving at point A?
answer
The plate is moving north.
question
In which direction is the plate moving at point B?
answer
The plate is moving south.
question
In which direction is the plate moving at point C?
answer
The plate is moving south.
question
What type of boundary is represented by the line just to the east of point A?
answer
This is not a plate boundary.
question
Which hypothesis best explains the continuous bend in the Hawaiian Islands-Emperor Seamount chain?
answer
The direction of plate motion shifted over time over a stationary mantle plume (hot spot).
question
True or False:
The majority of the world's hotspots are associated with plate boundaries.
answer
False
question
Large volcanoes on the seafloor that are cone-shaped on top because they never reached sea level are called:
answer
seamounts.
question
Coral reefs that initially develop along the margin of an island or continent where environmental conditions are suitable are called:
answer
fringing reefs.
question
celand is located on what type of plate boundary?
answer
Divergent
question
Match the term with the appropriate phrase.
study of magnetism over geologic time
answer
paleomagnetism
question
What is a seamount?
answer
An active volcano that occurs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge.
question
What is a tablemount?
answer
A seamount that grew above sea level, experienced wave erosion, and is now inactive.
question
Where do coral reefs exist with sea mounts
answer
In tropical latitudes
question
Which of the following statements about coral reefs and seamounts is most accurate?
answer
Coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time.
question
Why do coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time?
answer
Seamounts subside as tectonic plates move. Coral reefs grow away from the seamount in order to stay near the sunlight.
question
What is the difference between a barrier reef and an atoll?
answer
Barrier reefs surround an inactive volcano emerging above sea level, while atolls surround the previous location of a submerged volcano.
question
Which is the correct order of coral reef development near seamounts?
answer
Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll
question
Based on paleogeographic records, _____________.
answer
the North Atlantic opened before India separated from Antarctica
question
The study of historical changes of continental shapes and positions is called:
answer
paleogeography.
question
The following set of observations describes an actual body of water. Evaluate these statements and determine the evolutionary stage of an ocean basin based upon the following characteristics:
-Lacks a mid-ocean ridge
-Deep ocean basin is present
-Early signs of mountain formation
-Volcanic island arc and trench absent
answer
terminal
question
Compared to the rest of the planet, an unusually high concentration of hot spots and rifting is located on the continent of Africa. A likely explanation for this is that __________.
answer
the African Plate is essentially stationary with respect to Earth's interior and the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket"
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy
