Chapter 5

25 July 2022
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question
What types of plate boundaries are shown in this figure?
What types of plate boundaries are shown in this figure?
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divergent and transform
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Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have a high elevation?
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continental collision
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Island chains and seamounts cross parts of the ocean floor. These oceanic islands and associated seamounts are
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different in character and origin from curved island arcs.
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Island chains and seamounts cross parts of the ocean floor. These oceanic islands and associated seamounts are
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different in character and origin from curved island arcs.
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Correctly complete this sentence using the numbers provided.
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This figure shows ages of seafloor. The oldest ocean floor is at site numbered 1.
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A continent has an oceanic trench offshore of its coast. Which of the following is probably NOT present along this side of the continent?
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melting along a mid-ocean ridge
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How is magma created in a subduction zone?
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Subduction brings one plate to a depth hot enough for minerals to release water; this water causes melting in the overlying asthenosphere.
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What setting has the thinnest cover of sediment in the oceans?
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mid-ocean ridges
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Which data were used to develop the hypothesis of continental drift?
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All of these choices are correct.
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What causes magnetic stripes on the seafloor, such as those shown here?
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Sometimes Earth's magnetic field points north and sometimes it points south.
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What type of plate boundary is depicted in this figure?
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oceanic divergent boundary
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How fast do plates move relative to one another?
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centimeters per year
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Continental hot spots are typically marked by
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All of these typically mark continental hot spots.
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On the accompanying figure, which letter is likely over oceanic crust that is similar in age to that beneath letter E?
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B
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What type of plate boundary is depicted in this figure?
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continental rift
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Intense geologic activity occurs at plate
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boundaries.
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Select the statement that best describes how the process of plate tectonics circulates materials between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere.
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Some asthenosphere becomes lithosphere at mid-ocean spreading centers and reenters the asthenosphere at subduction zones.
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In what setting does the thickest sediment accumulate in the oceans?
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continental shelves and slopes along passive margins
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Cracks and steps that cross the seafloor and run at right angles to mid-ocean ridges are called
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oceanic fracture zones.
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This figure shows a northwest-southeast line of islands and seamounts near Hawaii. If location 3 has the oldest rocks and Hawaii (1) has the youngest rocks, which way is the plate moving with respect to the hot spot?
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northwest
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A convergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n)
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oceanic trench.
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Hot spots form linear island chains because
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the plate moves relative to the underlying hot spot.
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This figure depicts what type of boundary?
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ocean-continent convergent boundary
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The deepest parts of the seafloor are
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oceanic trenches.
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Most oceanic islands and seamounts are
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constructed by volcanic eruptions that first occur under water.
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An oceanic transform plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n)
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mid-ocean ridge.
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Which of the following features is associated with a deep oceanic trench?
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island arc
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What occurs at mid-ocean ridges?
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Oceanic crust is created.
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Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposed that the oceanic crust in the Atlantic Ocean was spreading apart at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and that this process moved the continents apart from one another. They called this process
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seafloor spreading.
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Which way are the plates moving in this figure?
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away from each other
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The process of one plate sliding beneath another plate is called
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subduction.
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The Earth's magnetic field is generated by
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movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth's outer core.
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A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n)
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mid-ocean ridge.
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How did the Red Sea, shown between Arabia and Africa in this figure, form?
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continental rifting followed by seafloor spreading
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At mid-ocean ridges, as two plates diverge,
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solid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface and begins to melt due to decompression.
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In this figure of Japan, what do the offshore trenches indicate?
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subduction of oceanic crust
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Complete the sentence with the correct phrase.
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The lithosphere consists of both types of crust and the uppermost mantle.
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On a map showing the age of the seafloor, why are the patterns symmetrical in the Atlantic Ocean but not the Pacific Ocean?
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Spreading along the Atlantic ridge added seafloor to plates on both sides, while subduction has consumed large areas of old oceanic crust in the Pacific.
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Most oceanic plateaus are
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constructed by volcanic eruptions probably over mantle plumes.
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A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is
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All of these choices are correct.
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Complete the sentence with the correct phrase.
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A region generally is higher than an adjacent region if the crust is thicker than in the adjacent region.
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On this map of the south Atlantic, why is the mid-ocean ridge in the center of the ocean?
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Seafloor is added to both sides during seafloor spreading.
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Which area(s) on this world map is (are) likely to have volcanoes above sea level?
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A
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The convergence of two continental masses is known as a(n)
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continental collision.
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Magnetic patterns develop on the seafloor as basaltic lava erupts and cools, and
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iron-rich minerals align with Earth's magnetic field.
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Some continents continue outward from the shoreline under shallow seawater, forming submerged benches called
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continental shelves.
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On the accompanying figure, which letter is over the oldest oceanic crust?
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A
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Correctly complete this sentence using the words provided.
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If the area shown in this figure is 240 kilometers wide, and the oldest crust is 4 million years old, the approximate spreading rate is 60 kilometers per million years.
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The plate boundary on the this figure is located between:
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B and C
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Correctly complete this sentence using the numbers provided.
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This diagram shows magnetic stripes on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. The number of different ages of stripes represented in this diagram is 6.
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The main reason why the hypothesis of continental drift was not widely accepted was
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there was no mechanism to move continents through the oceanic crust.
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If a magnetic stripe is 120 km wide and formed over 4 m.y., what would the rate of seafloor spreading be?
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30 km/m.y.
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Which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest?
answer
continental shelves