Nutrition Chapter 9

Assuming equal serving sizes, which of the following foods would be the poorest source of calcium? skim milk whole milk cheddar cheese cottage cheese

Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled? bone growth bone modeling bone remodeling bone regeneration

In addition to being a nutrient, vitamin D acts as a hormone. True False

The hormone that assists in maintaining blood calcium levels by stimulating the activation of vitamin D is insulin. cortisol. parathyroid hormone (PTH). calcitonin.

Which of the following foods is high in phosphorus? meat spinach oranges table salt

The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's low calcium content. high levels of oxalates. low protein content. high vitamin C content.

Bone modeling is the two-step process by which bone tissue is recycled. True False

The family of vitamin K compounds is referred to as quinones. True False

There are very few natural food sources of vitamin D. True False

In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining blood glucose levels. blood calcium levels. blood coagulation. vitamin D production.

If a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium from the diet, which of the following is MOST likely to occur? hypercalcemia toxicity symptoms, including nausea and dizziness excess calcium excreted in the feces accumulation of calcium in the soft tissues of the body

Phosphorus consumption has increased approximately 10 to 15% over the past 30 years. This is largely due to the increased consumption of processed foods. meat. water. milk.

A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies lower than normal bone density. osteoporosis. normal bone density. growing bone.

Which of the following provides more than twice the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of vitamin K? 1 tablespoon of canola oil 1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens 1 cup of raw cabbage 1 cup of boiled broccoli

Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with rickets. osteomalacia. kidney stones. hypocalcemia.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance. Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton. Calcium is a major mineral.

As bone resorption begins to occur more frequently than bone formation, adults tend to lose height. True False

The majority of the body's magnesium is found in the blood. spleen. bones. liver.

Trace minerals are those our body needs in what amount per day? less than 10 mg less than 20 mg less than 50 mg less than 100 mg

The animal form of vitamin K produced by bacteria in the large intestine is phylloquinone. menaquinone. prothrombin. osteocalcin.

Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation? 10 20 40 60

Compared to light-skinned individuals, individuals with darker skin have more difficulty synthesizing vitamin D. True False

The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time? 200 500 1000 1500

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with sunburns. suntan lotions. seafood. supplements.

Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteoclasts. cortical. osteoblasts. trabecular.

Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the synthesis of vitamin D? skin liver kidneys heart

Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources? A and C B and E D and K niacin and thiamin

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance. Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton. Calcium is a major mineral.

Bone modeling is the two-step process by which bone tissue is recycled. True False

Which of the following is FALSE about trabecular bone? very sensitive to changes in hormones and nutritional deficiencies porous and spongy in composition very rapid turnover comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton

The family of vitamin K compounds is referred to as quinones. True False

As bone resorption begins to occur more frequently than bone formation, adults tend to lose height. True False

Which of the following is NOT a proposed factor associated with the increase in vitamin D deficiency among Americans? the decreased consumption of vitamin-D fortified milk products the increase in the use of sunscreen products the increase in the rates of obesity, which alters the metabolism and storage of vitamin D the increased consumption of soft drinks

DXA is used to evaluate bone density in women only. True False

In addition to obtaining vitamin K from dietary sources, the body produces vitamin K in the brain. mouth. stomach. large intestine.

Which of the following is our primary dietary source of vitamin D? seafood chicken green leafy vegetables milk

Which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture? blood calcium assessment dual energy x-ray absorptiometry underwater weighing bioelectrical impedance testing

Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium? green leafy vegetables citrus fruits french fries and onion rings soft drinks and fruit juices

Which of the following statements about trabecular bone is true? a. it accounts for about 80% of our skeleton b. it forms the core of almost all of the bones of our skeleton c. it is also called compact bone d. it provides the scaffolding for cortical bones

The process by which bone is formed through the action of osteoblasts and broken down through the action of osteoclasts is called a resorption b. remodeling c. modeling d. growth

On a DXA test a t-score of +1.0 indicates that the pt has.. a. osteoporosis b. is at a greater risk for fractures c. has normal bone density d. has slightly lower bone density

Calcium is necessary for several body functions, including a. demineralization of bone, nerve transmission, and immune responses b. cartilage structure, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction c. structure of bone nerve and muscle tissue immune responses and muscle contraction d. structure of bone nerve transmission and muscle contractions

Which of the following foods is rich in bioavailable calcium? a. broccoli b. spinach c.swiss chard d. all of the above

Which of the following is a function of Vitamin D a. regulates the livers reabsorption of calcium b. increase the activity of osteoclasts c. stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid glands d. stimulates the release of calcitonin by the thyroid gland

Which of the following micronutriends assists in the production of osteocalcin a. vitamin k b. phosphorous c. magnesium d. fluoride

our bodies absorb vitamin D from sunlight True or False

Fluoride inhibits the reproduction of acid producing bacteria in the mouth