NFS CH.11

Which of the following is true about minerals? a Minerals are organic molecules. b Minerals can be structural components. c Minerals are destroyed by heat. d All of these statements are true.

Which 2 foods provides the largest variety of minerals?

Which mineral is found in varying amounts in food depending on where it is grown?

Which statement about the processing of foods is true? a Processing destroys minerals. b The processing of grains causes the loss of magnesium, selenium and zinc. c Sodium is typically absent in processed foods. d Potassium is often added during food processing.

Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE? a They can be toxic. b Supplements of one mineral can decrease the bioavailability of other minerals. c Supplements can help individuals meet their dietary needs. d They should always be avoided.

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT: a calcium. b sodium. c copper. d zinc.

The absorption of some minerals is regulated by:

The most abundant mineral in the body is:

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium? a If dietary calcium is low, both blood and bone levels will decline. b If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. c If dietary calcium is low, blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. d Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone.

The consumption of soda:

As calcium intake increases:

Which statement about vitamin D is correct? a It promotes active transport of calcium across the intestine. b It is required for the passive transport of calcium across the intestine. c Vitamin D is most necessary when calcium intake is high. d Adequate consumption increases the absorption of calcium to 50%.

Calcium absorption is highest in:

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is ______________ mgs/day.

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium? a Muscle contraction b ATP stabilization c Blood pressure regulation d Neurotransmitter release

When blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone raises levels by doing all of the following EXCEPT: a increasing appetite for calcium containing foods. b activating vitamin D. c reducing calcium excretion by the kidney. d stimulating calcium release from bone.

Which statement about tetany is FALSE? a It occurs when the extracellular calcium concentration is too low. b Tetany causes muscles to contract. c It can cause death. d Tetany is caused by a dietary calcium deficiency.

Whether an element is classified as a major or as a trace mineral is determined by:

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption? a Ascorbic acid b Oxalates c Phytates d Tannins

Which of the following functions to inhibit calcium release from bone?

Which of the following is NOT likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake? a A lower peak bone mass in young adult females b Problems with cell signaling and regulation c Fractures in the elderly d Development of osteomalacia

Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a excessive use of calcium containing antacids. b high blood calcium. c increased secretion of PTH. d calcification of the kidney.

Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by all of the following : a excessive use of calcium containing antacids. b high blood calcium. c calcification of the kidney. d ALL answers above are correct

The matrix of bones is: a a protein framework. b made up primarily of collagen. c imbedded with hydroxyapatite. d All of these are correct.

The hard compact layer found on the surface of bones is called ______________ bone.

After 35 to 45 years of age:

______________ are cells that build bone, while______________ are cells that break down bone.

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed:

Which statement about osteoporosis is FALSE? a It relates to a decrease in bone density. b It has no early symptoms. c Osteoporosis may result in a loss of height. d It is primarily an American disease.

Which statement about age-related bone loss is true? a It occurs primarily in females. b It is not typically associated with any dietary changes. c Age related bone loss proceeds at ~0.3-0.5% per year. d It is usually related to over-activation of vitamin D in the kidney.

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis? a Women achieve a lower peak bone mass than men. b Bone breakdown accelerates after menopause. c Calcium absorption declines for a few years post-menopause. d The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

Approximately what percentage of those affected by osteoporosis are women?

The group with the highest bone density is:

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk? a Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it. b Smoking and drinking both increase risk. c Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. d Smoking and drinking both decrease risk.

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis EXCEPT: a weight bearing exercise. b low body weight. c increased muscle mass. d high body weight and fat.

The most significant dietary factor contributing to osteoporosis is:

Which group contains the highest proportion of individuals who do not meet their calcium requirement?

Which statement regarding lactose intolerance is true? a It must be treated with calcium supplements to avoid osteoporosis. b It means a person can eat no dairy products. c The symptoms can be avoided by using products treated with lactase. d Lactose intolerance is common in individuals of all ethnic backgrounds.

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone:

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet? a Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass. b Post-menopausal women. c Individuals with decreased bone density. d All these groups could benefit.

Which of the following has NOT been associated with loss of bone mass in women? a Alcohol consumption b Excessive walking c High sodium intake d Smoking

Which is the least plentiful source of calcium? A Carrots b Eggs c Sardines d Yogurt

Two hormones regulate blood calcium levels; ______________ raises blood calcium and ______________ lowers blood calcium levels.

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis by/through:

Which of the following is NOT a major function of phosphorus in the body? a Contributor to bone and teeth structure b Constituent of DNA c pH balance d Regulating blood pressure

Which of the following is a good source of phosphorus? a Dairy b Whole grains c Nuts d All of these

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is part of:

When phosphorus intake is high, the most likely consequence is that:

The RDA for phosphorus is ______________ mg/d for adults.

Which of the following groups is LEAST at risk for phosphorus deficiency? a Healthy adults b Vegans c Elderly d Alcoholics

Which statement about phosphorus is correct? a Toxicity is common in the U.S. because of increased use of phosphorus-containing food additives. b Toxicity causes uncontrolled muscle contractions. c Toxicity may cause bone resorption. d High intake increases the energy available to cells, eventually leading to exhaustion.

Magnesium's major functions in the body include all of the following EXCEPT: a blood clotting. b being a cofactor for many enzymes. c stabilizing ATP. d maintenance of bones.

Good sources of magnesium include all of the following EXCEPT: a leafy green vegetables. b processed foods. c nuts. d whole grains.

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

Blood levels of magnesium are regulated primarily by:

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Which statement concerning magnesium deficiency is FALSE? a Deficiency is common in the general population. b Symptoms include changes in heartbeat and blood pressure. c It can be caused by diuretics. d All of these statements are false.

Which statement concerning magnesium toxicity is FALSE? a It may occur with consumption of Mg-containing laxatives or antacids. b It is characterized by high blood pressure. c It is more common in the elderly with impaired kidney function. d Magnesium toxicity would most likely occur from supplements.

In the body, sulfur plays an important part in the structure of:

The recommended intake of sulfur for adults is ______________ mg/d.

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium? a Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy. b Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron. c Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption. d Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption.

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true? a Infants get adequate calcium from breast milk. b Diets high in phytates increase calcium absorption. c Pregnant women need more calcium to supply the needs of the growing fetus. d Women who breast feed need more calcium in their diets.

Which one of the following foods is a good source of phosphorus?

What role do minerals play in promoting proper nutrition?

What is a function of calcium?

How is calcium in the blood regulated?

Which section of MyPlate provides calcium in the diet, besides dairy?

What factor might increases the risk of osteoporosis?

What is true about the peak bone mass? a Men start to lose bone mass after about age 25. b During childhood, sex differences in bone mass first appear. c Women have a higher bone mineral density than men. d Women experience accelerated bone loss after menopause.

Maintaining bone health involves:

What is a function of magnesium?

Which one of the following foods is a good source of magnesium? a Beef steak b Garbanzo beans c Applesauce d Canned sardines

What factor might increase mineral bioavailability?

What is a function of phosphorus?

What is the role of sulfur in the body?