Nutrition: Chapter 7 & 8

Fifty to ________ percent of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Which is NOT a symptom of low blood pressure?

Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?

Water is known as the universal solvent. This means that

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment?

Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?

What is the primary reason we sweat?

Most water is lost daily via the

The ability of a muscle to contract and relax is dependent on the flow of ________ in and out of the muscle cell

The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the ________

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism

Insensible water loss includes water loss

Which of the following is a major mineral?

Hyponatremia is associated with

Diets high in sodium are associated with

Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt?

The water that comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is ________ water

Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.

Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia

The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from

Which is NOT a function of chloride

The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in the

Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in

Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?

On average, which of the following individuals would have the highest percentage of body water?

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?

Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium

Which of the following is a diuretic

All of the following are major functions of sodium EXCEPT

Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?

All of the following conditions are related to an electrolyte imbalance EXCEPT

The fluid that is found in between cells is called

Which of the following does NOT describe tissue fluid?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to maintain the body's internal temperature?

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called

Which of the following conditions would result in a decreased water loss from the body

The two electrolytes that enable nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and

Of the following ethnic groups, which has the highest risk of developing hypertension

The agency that sets and monitors standards for city water systems is the

Between 50-70% of an adult's body weight is comprised of fluid.

Lean tissue contains a lower percentage of fluid compared with fat tissue.

Typically, water moves from areas of low concentration of solutes toward areas of higher concentration of solutes

Fluids move freely in and out of cells

The thirst mechanism is highly sensitive and responsive to changes in fluid balance, especially as we age

Drinking eight glasses of fluid each day ensures that all healthy adults will meet their fluid needs.

Sodium is an essential nutrient necessary for human health.

Most Americans exceed the dietary recommendations for sodium.

Processed foods tend to be low in sodium and high in potassium.

Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of potassium

Lean individuals have a higher percentage of body water than obese individuals

Individuals taking diuretics should always increase their dietary potassium intake.

Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid

Extreme dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea can result in hypokalemia

Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water

Eating too much sodium will result in hypernatremia in most healthy individuals

A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure

Individuals with hypertension should limit their dietary sodium intake to less than 1.5 grams a day.

Limiting salt consumption improves blood pressure in some individuals with hypertension

The smallest physical units of a substance are

Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of

In an atom, the nucleus has a positive charge, and the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have a ________ charge

A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is

) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?

What is an exchange reaction

Free radicals

Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems

How do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals

Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage

Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, ________, and glutathione peroxidase

The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is

Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized

Grandma Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA, as it could interact with the medication causing uncontrollable bleeding?

About 90% of vitamin E is stored in

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?

Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E

Taking vitamin E supplements along with ________ can cause uncontrollable bleeding

A deficiency of ________ can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia.

Which of the following nutrients requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?

The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C?

The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Julie should consume ________ with her iron supplement to increase its absorption.

Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?

Which of the following cooking methods will likely destroy the most vitamin C in food?

Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C

All of the following are good sources of vitamin C EXCEPT

Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be most harmful to individuals suffering from

Symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency include

Beta-carotene is a precursor of

Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids?

Most of the body's vitamin A is stored in the

The most critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is

The light sensitive pigment found in rod cells formed by retinal and opsin is

Which of the following foods would be the best dietary source of preformed vitamin A

Both Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease are associated with a ________ deficiency

Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?

Where does the body store selenium

Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of

Which mineral can function as an antioxidant

The nucleus of the atom has a positive charge

Free radicals are highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function.

All antioxidants are water soluble.

Antioxidants must be consumed in our diet because our bodies cannot make them

The majority of the vitamin E in our bodies is found in our adipose tissue

Frying decreases the amount of vitamin E in vegetable oil.

In some people, long-term use of standard vitamin E supplements has been associated with hemorrhagic stroke caused by bleeding in the brain

Vitamin C is not stored in the body and must be consumed frequently

Scurvy is the deficiency disease associated with inadequate vitamin C intake

Diseases that cause malabsorption of fat can result in a vitamin C deficiency

As beta carotene is not considered a nutrient, no RDA has been established.

Carotenosis is a serious side effect of consuming too much beta-carotene that can be fatal if untreated.

Cooking foods high in carotenoids improves their bioavailability. Answer

Carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes contain a large amount of preformed vitamin A.

As vitamin A is fat-soluble, supplements of the nutrient can be highly toxic.

Selenium toxicity occurs from an overconsumption of foods rich in this mineral.

Selenium is the only mineral with a known antioxidant function

Selenium is found only in animal products.

Toxicity symptoms of vitamin A include birth defects, spontaneous abortion, blurred vision, and liver damage.

Vitamin A deficiency is a severe public health concern in developing nations, often resulting in blindness and death due to infection.