Nutrition Chapter 13

most B-vitamins function as

in which of the following metabolic pathways are coenzymes required?

in general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via

nutritionally, the difference between brown rice and white rice is

the nutrients added to enriched grains typically include

the vitamin that prevents beriberi is

thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), the coenzyme form of thiamin, is

thiamin should be given to an alcoholic patient who has

a nutrient-dense source of thiamin is

the best sources of thiamin in the average diet are

a deficiency of thiamin that affects the cardiovascular, muscular, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems is called

the coenzyme form of riboflavin is

riboflavin coenzymes function in a variety of metabolic pathways, such as

which of the following foods represents the most nutrient-dense source of riboflavin?

the B-vitamin most easily destroyed by exposure to light is

a painful, red, inflamed tongue is called

in the average U.S. diet, a quarter of the riboflavin comes from one food group, the

to protect riboflavin from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in

one cause of fatigue and anemia in adolescent girls with low dairy intake is deficiency of

the riboflavin coenzymes have __________ functions in cellular metabolism

an excess intake of riboflavin either from diet or supplements is mainly

niacin can be obtained from foods as the vitamin itself (preformed niacin) or be synthesized

a characteristic symptom of niacin deficiency is

the coenzyme forms of niacin include

niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called

the fact that the amino acid tryptophan can be converted to niacin by the body explains why

bright yellow urine usually is indicative that someone is supplementing with

flushing got the face and skin can result from pharmacological doses o

the nutrient sometimes prescribed by physicians to increase HDL-cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels is

important contributors to niacin intake in the American diet are

thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin work together in important biochemical pathways that

a diet that provides 75g protein per day can contribute ________________ mg niacin from tryptophan

the niacin coenzyme is reduced (NAD+ -> NADH + H+) during

which of the foods listed below his the lowest niacin bioavailability?

an essential component of coenzyme A is

pantothenic acid is a part of __________, an important biochemical compound

which of the following B-vitamins is found in the widest variety of foods (I.e.., different food groups such as vegetables, grains, meat)?

biotin is needed for

biochemical reactions that add CO2 to counts often requires

the protein in raw egg whites that can bind biotin is called

a high intake o raw egg whites (>12 per day) can inhibit absorption of

those most likely to experience a biotin deficiency are

pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxal ins are three or suha0114@aol.com of

pyridoxal phosphate

neurotransmitter synthesis requires the vitamin B-6 coenzyme. Which of the following is classified as a neurotransmitter?

the best food sources of vitamin B-6 are

symptoms of vitamin B-6 deficiency include

irreversible nerve damage may be caused by excessive intake of __________ supplements

in edition to its role in amino acid metabolism, vitamin B6 is also required for

research shows that supplemental vitamin B-6 is most likely to aid those experiencing

red blood cells turn over every

to calculate the DFE for the diet, multiply total synthetic folic acid intake by __________; add that to the total food folate

in a dietary deficiency of folate, there are decreasing numbers of mature red blood cells to carry the oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. this condition is known as

a biochemical function of THFA (tetrahydrofolate) is

a major role of folate in cellular metabolism is the

the cells most sensitive to a deficiency of dietary folate are cells that

__________ are very large immature red blood cells, which are formed as a result of folate

a defect in the formation of the neural tube during early fetal development can occur from a lack of

about 50% to 90% of folate in foods can be destroyed by

good sources of folate include

the form of folate that is best absorbed is the

it's very difficult to consume excess folic acid from nonprescription vitamin supplements

which group of individuals has the highest requirement for folate?

which group of individuals is advised to consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily from supplements and/or fortified foods?

vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in

persons who smoke have an increased need for

intrinsic factor is produced by the

vitamin B-12 is absorbed in the

for vitamin B-12 to be absorbed, it must be attached to

the B-vitamin that has significant liver stores is

individuals most likely to experience poor vitamin B-12 status are

pernicious anemia is treated most often by

a major role of vitamin B-12 in cellular metabolism is

megaloblastic anemia develops as a result of deficiencies of __________ and __________

which of the following actors can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B-12?

a strict vegan diet may lack

vitamin B-12 is found in which of the following foods?

supplements of the water-soluble vitamins __________ and __________ are most likely to cause toxicity symptoms

formation and maintenance of collagen requires

ingestion of vitamin C meals can modestly improve absorption of

the primary function of vitamin C in cellular metabolism is to

which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C?

the first symptom of scurvy is

physiological changes associated with scurvy (hemorrhages, joint pain, fractures) are caused by

which group of foods provides substantial amounts of vitamin C?

factors such as heat, iron, copper, and oxygen

scurvy is due to a deficiency of

the RDA for vitamin C is increased by __________mg/day for smokers

the amino acids __________ and __________ are hydroxylated with the aid of vitamin C to form strong connective tissue

at intakes of supplemental vitamin C greater than 2 g/day, adverse effects, including __________, may occur

choline is required for the synthesis of

rich sources of choline are

the compound carnitine is required for