Unit 3 Test Nutrition

In North America, which of the following populations is most susceptible to deficiencies of B vitamins? Vegans Pregnant women Preschoool children Alcoholics

Biotin absorption is inhibited by copper. oxalate. phytate. avidin.

Vitamin B-12 is supplied almost entirely by: whole grain cereals and legumes. vegetables and fruits. animal products. human intestinal bacteria.

Higher intake of which of the following minerals is associated with lowered blood pressure? Chloride Potassium Cadmium Sodium

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of potassium? Skim milk White bread Canola oil Squash

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of iron? Flour tortilla Beef Skim milk Apple

Consistently consuming raw egg whites, as in a daily high-protein drink, can bind and result in a deficiency of this vitamin. biotin pantothenic acid vitamin B-6 folate

The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are whole grain cereals. dark green leafy vegetables. milk and dairy products. meats.

The most bioavailable sources of calcium are: protein foods. vegetables. milk and other dairy products. grains.

The ability of the skin to synthesize vitamin D is decreased by: excessive dietary calcium intake. excessive dietary phosphorus intake. the use of a tanning bed. the use of sunscreen.

Blood calcium concentration is regulated at the level of the kidneys. intestines. bones. All of these choices are correct.

When a cell membrane is damaged by free radicals, which specific component of the cell membrane is damaged? Saturated fat Phospholipid Polysaccharide Cholesterol

George wants to increase his consumption of vitamin A for the possible cancer risk-reducing effects. Which of the following foods should he choose? Pears Spinach Potato Salmon

Most vitamin A is stored in the adipose tissue. liver. kidneys. small intestine.

Worldwide, the most prevalent nutrient deficiency is of iron. iodine. zinc. copper.

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of vitamin A. zinc. iron. vitamin E.

Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease beriberi. pellagra. scurvy. pernicious anemia.

______ is important for blood health because it is a component of several iron-transport proteins. Zinc Copper Magnesium Folate

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight. 75 to 95 25 to 45 50 to 70 10 to 20

Generally, ______ are the best sources of folate milk and dairy products green leafy vegetables fruits poultry and seafood

Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins? Excessive intakes are readily excreted via the kidneys. They enter the bloodstream directly from the small intestine. Fat in the digestive contents is not important for their absorption. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissue.

The difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is the bone loss of patients with osteopenia is not as severe as that of patients with osteoporosis. osteopenia is caused by one's heredity whereas osteoporosis is caused by one's lifestyle. osteopenia can be cured whereas osteoporosis is irreversible. the bone loss of patients with osteopenia is worse than that of patients with osteoporosis.

________is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. A lack of it will lead to a goiter. Iodine Fluoride Chloride Chromium

Pernicious anemia is related to impaired absorption of copper. folate. iron. vitamin B-12.

Cell membranes are susceptible to damage by free radicals because they have so many unpaired electrons. they contain many saturated fatty acids. they are the site of cellular respiration. they contain many polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant. a coenzyme. an enzyme. a hormone.

The nutrient essential for the synthesis of several blood clotting factors is vitamin A. vitamin C. vitamin K. vitamin E.

Yellow-orange vegetables and fruits, such as squash and apricots, are important sources of vitamin C. vitamin D. vitamin A. vitamin E.

Calcium absorption is increased by tannins in tea and some legumes. foods high in oxalates such as sweet potatoes, collard greens, spinach, and rhubarb. high caffeine intake and large intakes of phytic acid. foods that contain vitamin D and lactose.

The B vitamins protect the cells from damage by free radicals. provide strength and stability to bones. facilitate chemical reactions that yield energy from macronutrients. can be broken down to yield about 4 kcal per gram.

Which of the following is true about the forms of vitamin A? Carotenoids can be converted to retinoids. Retinoids are found in plant foods. Retinoids can be converted to carotenoids. Carotenoids are found in animal foods.

Drying of the cornea due to vitamin A deficiency is called dysphagia. xerophthalmia. apnea. cachexia.

The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by metabolism in the liver. excretion in the urine. synthesis in the skin. absorption in the small intestine.

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via conduction. evaporation. radiation. respiration.

Too much ______ can cause discoloration (mottling) of the teeth. copper selenium iron fluoride

The childhood deficiency disease for vitamin D is called osteopenia. osteomalacia. osteoporosis. rickets.

What is magnesium's primary function? It transports calcium in the blood. It maintains mucus production in the digestive tract. It is important for nerve and heart function. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis.

The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is fortified milk. yellow squash. whole-grain cereals. poultry.

Adequate intakes of ______ support optimal bone health. calcium, vitamin D, and protein sodium, phosphorus, and vitamin C protein, iron, and vitamin B-6 vitamin E, folate, and protein

In the body, 99 percent of calcium is found in bones and teeth. nerve cells. intracellular fluid. the liver.

Immediately after absorption from the small intestine, fat-soluble vitamins appear in the lymph as part of phospholipids. HDLs. VLDLs. chylomicrons.

Which of the following is the best food source of riboflavin? Carrots Milk Canola oil Lean ham

Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. The most nutrient-dense source of thiamin is pork. whole grain cereals. dark green vegetables. milk.

Elevated blood pressure has been linked to excess intake of calcium and vitamin D. sodium and chloride. magnesium and potassium. sodium and potassium.

The best vitamin B-6 food sources include meat, fish, and poultry. deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables .enriched breads and cereals .milk and dairy products.

The mineral that gives hardness to teeth and bones is fluoride. copper. selenium. zinc.

Antioxidants donate electrons to free radicals. damage cell membranes. speed the rate of chemical reactions. promote the formation of free radicals.

Active transport of ______ from the lumen of the intestine into the cells lining the intestine facilitates absorption of water from the gastrointestinal tract. amino acids sodium phosphorus glucose

A typical serving of which food provides the most vitamin A? Yellow squash Egg Liver Apricot

An important role of vitamin K is the synthesis of visual pigments. alpha-tocopherol. clotting factors. retinol.

Vitamin C and meat protein ______ nonheme iron absorption. increase do not change decrease

Vitamin D regulates energy metabolism. oxidation and reduction reactions. blood calcium levels. fluid balance.

Mucus and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a transport medium. solvent. lubricant. participant in chemical reactions.

Vitamin ______ can be produced in the skin in response to ultraviolet light. A D C E

The childhood disease rickets is due to a deficiency of vitamin K. vitamin A. vitamin C. vitamin D.

In general, the richest sources of vitamin E are refined grain products. citrus fruits. yellow and orange vegetables. plant oils.

Consuming adequate ______ during pregnancy can help prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. folate riboflavin niacin vitamin B-6

Symptoms of ______ deficiency include glossitis, dermatitis, cheilosis, eye disorders, sun sensitivity, and confusion. folate riboflavin thiamin niacin

Which of the B vitamins contains cobalt? Vitamin B-12 Vitamin B-6 Thiamin Niacin

Pellagra is characterized by dermatitis. dementia. All of the choices are correct. diarrhea.

A disease that involves fat malabsorption could lead to scurvy. pellagra. beriberi. osteomalacia.

The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is vitamin E. vitamin A. niacin. vitamin D.

Formation and maintenance of collagen require folate. vitamin C. pantothenic acid. thiamin.

In North America, iron-deficiency anemia would be least likely in a 12-year-old girl who is having a growth spurt. 3-year-old boy who is a picky eater. 55-year-old postmenopausal woman. 9-month-old baby boy who has recently started eating solid foods.

Which of the following is an antioxidant? Vitamin C Vitamin B-6 Thiamin Biotin

Beriberi is caused by a _______________ deficiency. thiamin niacin choline vitamin B-6

A goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of iodine. magnesium. sodium. copper.

Which of the following describes fat-soluble vitamins? They form coenzymes that participate in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. They are readily stored in the body. They are absorbed directly from the GI tract into the blood via the hepatic portal vein. Excesses are excreted in the urine.

B vitamins serve as coenzymes in metabolic reactions. are very stable during food processing. regulate mineral absorption. are stored in adipose tissue.

Which of the following is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin? Vitamin A Vitamin B-12 Riboflavin Vitamin B-6