NTR Ch 8

1) The primary role of most of the B-vitamins is to: A) directly provide the body with energy. B) act as coenzymes. C) maintain and repair body tissues. D) maintain acid-base balance.

2) Which of the B-vitamins primarily functions in cell regeneration and the synthesis of red blood cells? A) pantothenic acid B) folate C) riboflavin D) niacin

3) Low intakes of vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 are linked to: A) reduction in antibody levels. B) high blood levels of heme iron. C) low blood levels of homocysteine. D) high blood levels of homocysteine.

4) Which of the following is a vitamin-like substance involved in energy metabolism? A) folate B) iodine C) choline D) riboflavin

5) Which of the following is a mineral involved in energy metabolism? A) sulfur B) pyridoxal C) thiamin D) pantothenic acid

6) Chromium assists in ________ uptake. A) calcium B) sodium C) potassium D) glucose

7) The first B-vitamin discovered was: A) niacin. B) thiamin. C) folate. D) vitamin B12.

8) The vitamin thiamin is composed of a thiazole and a(n) ________ group. A) amine B) sulfur C) oxygen D) phosphate

9) The coenzyme TPP plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy. Which water-soluble vitamin is part of the TPP complex? A) thiamin B) biotin C) riboflavin D) niacin

10) Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking glucose down into a smaller molecule that can be taken up by the TCA cycle? A) riboflavin B) thiamin C) ascorbic acid D) valine

11) Who is at the greatest risk of experiencing poor thiamin status? A) children B) adolescents C) women D) the elderly

12) Which B-vitamin is needed for protein synthesis? A) thiamin B) riboflavin C) vitamin B6 D) choline

13) Which of the following describes the main symptom(s) of beriberi? A) dermatitis B) muscle wasting and nerve damage C) hemorrhaging D) blindness

14) Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin? A) citrus fruits B) green, leafy vegetables C) milk D) whole grains

15) Alcohol-related thiamin deficiency is called: A) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. B) alcohol hypothiaminosis. C) beriberi. D) pellagra.

16) The B-vitamin involved in oxidation-reduction reactions is: A) vitamin B12. B) riboflavin. C) thiamin. D) folate.

17) Riboflavin assists with antioxidant function through its role as a coenzyme for which enzyme? A) glutathione peroxidase B) alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase C) succinate D) hexokinase

18) A deficiency of riboflavin is referred to as: A) riboflavinitis. B) hyporiboflavin. C) ariboflavinosis. D) primary riboflavin insufficiency.

19) Approximately one third of riboflavin is supplied in the American diet by: A) meat. B) milk and milk products. C) fruit. D) eggs.

20) The RDA for riboflavin for adults aged 19 years and older is 1.3 mg/day for men and: A) 6 mg/day for women. B) 2.5 mg/day for women. C) .5 mg/day for women. D) 1.1 mg/day for women.

21) Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan? A) niacin B) ascorbic acid C) phenylalanine D) cobalamin

22) What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity? A) dizziness B) diarrhea C) fatigue D) flushing

23) Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are two forms of: A) niacin. B) cigarette smoke. C) folate. D) riboflavin.

24) Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of: A) folate. B) niacin. C) thiamin. D) riboflavin.

25) Which dietary source of niacin has the highest availability for absorption? A) cereal grains B) meat C) enriched bread products D) ready-to-eat cereals

26) Jackie eats a banana, tuna fish sandwich, dry granola, and a slice of cheese. Which of these foods has the highest amount of available niacin? A) tuna fish B) granola C) cheese D) banana

27) The chemical name for vitamin B6 is: A) pantothenic acid. B) pyridoxine. C) folate. D) niacin.

28) Which of the following conditions are vitamin B6 supplements used to treat? A) high cholesterol B) hypertension C) baldness D) premenstrual syndrome

29) Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme for PLP, which plays a role in the process of making nonessential amino acids. This process is called: A) glycolysis. B) transamination. C) lipolysis. D) proteolysis.

30) What percentage of dietary vitamin B6 comes from animal sources in a typical American diet? A) 20% B) 40% C) 50% D) 60%

31) Which B-vitamin metabolizes into a coenzyme involved in ketone metabolism? A) thiamin B) pantothenic acid C) riboflavin D) niacin

32) Which of the following B-vitamins is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids? A) vitamin B6 B) vitamin B12 C) folate D) pantothenic acid

33) The chronic overconsumption of ________ can result in a biotin deficiency. A) herbal tea B) raw egg whites C) natural licorice D) grapefruit juice

34) Which B-vitamin is a component of the carboxylase enzymes involved in the TCA cycle? A) biotin B) thiamin C) niacin D) riboflavin

35) Which of the following is a component of fat-emulsifying bile? A) pantothenic acid B) biotin C) choline D) riboflavin

36) Which of the following is integral in the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and memory? A) biotin B) choline C) niacin D) pyridoxal

37) Eating too much of which compound below may lead to a fishy body odor? A) ascorbic acid B) niacin C) acetyl CoA D) choline

38) The major dietary source of iodine is: A) saltwater fish. B) fruits and vegetables. C) dairy products. D) iodized salt.

39) Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________ hormones. A) estrogen B) growth C) thyroid D) androgen

40) Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by the autoimmune disease called: A) Graves' disease. B) pellagra. C) beriberi. D) cretinism.

41) Which trace mineral is a cofactor involved in the formation of urea? A) calcium B) iodine C) manganese D) sodium

42) Which of the foods below has the highest amount of B-vitamins? A) white bread rolls B) polished rice C) whole wheat bread D) cheese

43) Which diet listed below is low in B-vitamins? A) a diet high in unenriched, processed foods B) vegan diet C) Asian diet D) a diet high in raw fruits and vegetables

44) A(n) ________ is an organic molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it. A) mineral B) coenzyme C) choline D) antagonist

45) A deficiency of ________ leads to the development of beriberi. A) vitamin B6 B) riboflavin C) niacin D) thiamin

46) Prolonged excessive niacin intake can cause: A) dementia. B) dermatitis. C) pellagra. D) liver damage.

47) Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin B6 in supplement form has been associated with: A) sensory neuropathy and lesions. B) breast cancer. C) reddened flushing of the skin. D) liver damage and glucose intolerance.

48) A deficiency of which of the following vitamins increases the risk for cardiovascular disease? A) niacin B) thiamin C) vitamin B6 D) riboflavin

49) Iodine deficiency can cause low blood levels of thyroid hormone. This condition is known as: A) hyperthyroidism. B) hypothyroidism. C) Graves' disease. D) pellagra.

50) Which ailment below is a type of mental retardation caused by insufficient iodine during fetal development? A) goiter B) pellagra C) cretinism D) Graves' disease

51) Some athletes take supplements of the mineral ________ in an effort to gain lean body mass and reduce body fat. A) chromium B) iodine C) iron D) choline

52) Which of the following is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body's cells? A) iodine B) choline C) iron D) chromium

53) Pregnant women who do not consume enough iodine have an increased risk for: A) gestational diabetes. B) edema. C) dermatitis. D) spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.

54) Which B-vitamin is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN that aid in breaking down glucose and fatty acids? A) thiamin B) riboflavin C) niacin D) folate

55) Sandy has just been diagnosed with atrophic gastritis. Which vitamin is her doctor MOST likely to suggest she receive in supplement form? A) niacin B) thiamin C) riboflavin D) vitamin B12

56) Eric plays soccer and runs track. He relies on sports gels, candy, and soda for quick energy boosts after his games and track meets. Based on his activity level and snack preferences, he has an increased risk for: A) B-vitamin deficiency. B) blurred vision and dermatitis. C) cancer. D) allergies.

57) Chronic deficiency of ________ can impair heme synthesis and lead to the formation of small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin. A) niacin B) thiamin C) vitamin B12 D) vitamin B6

58) When you exercise, your body uses glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels. Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme during this process? A) folate B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin B6 D) biotin

59) The "three Ds"—dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia—are symptoms of the advanced progression of which deficiency disease? A) beriberi B) pellagra C) hypothyroidism D) hyperthyroidism

60) Which major mineral is a component of thiamin and biotin? A) iodine B) chromium C) manganese D) sulfur

61) Excessive fat accumulation in the liver and ultimately liver damage can result from inadequate intake of: A) choline. B) chromium. C) thiamin. D) sulfur.