Module 22 example #40284

Findings from Garcia's research on taste aversion in rats indicate that:

Which of the following is an example of a biological constraint on conditioning?

Which psychologist studied the development of taste aversions, noting how they seemed to violate the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Conditioned taste aversions demonstrate:

Coyotes who have been fed sheep carcasses that have been laced with a nausea-inducing poison are less likely to prey on sheep in the wild. This phenomenon is best explained by which classical conditioning phenomenon?

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus (CS) was challenged by:

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained:

After pigs learned to pick up and deposit wooden coins in a piggy bank, the pigs subsequently dropped the coins repeatedly and pushed them with their snouts. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats challenged the previously accepted principle that:

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote:

Although Skinner and other behaviorists did not think that it was necessary to refer to thoughts or expectations when explaining human learning, findings from experiments with rats suggest otherwise. Which of the following findings suggests that cognitive processes are involved in operant learning?

The influence cognition has on classical conditioning:

Which psychologist proposed a cognitive explanation of classical conditioning?

If a shock is always preceded by a tone, and then is also sometimes preceded by a light that accompanies the tone, a rat will react with:

Research on the role of cognitive processes in learning indicates that the strength of a conditioned response (CR) depends primarily on the ________ of the CS-US association.

After repeatedly drinking alcohol spiked with a nauseating drug, people with alcohol use disorder may fail to develop an aversion to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

Many psychologists have criticized Skinner for discounting the influence of ________ on behavior.

Some psychologists believe that rats develop mental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations are called:

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of:

Becky grows tomatoes for the sheer joy of it; Lauren grows them to sell at a profit. Becky's behavior reflects ________, whereas Lauren's behavior reflects ________.

Tina is a 7-year-old girl who frequently witnesses her father's anger and physically abusive acts toward her mother. In her room she is playing with her toys and begins to yell at them and hit them for "being so stupid and not having dinner ready." Her behavior is a clear example of:

In observational learning, the most effective models are those who:

According to observational learning theory, when children have _____________ models, they imitate the negative behaviors they see around them. When children have _____________ models, they imitate the helpful and positive behaviors they observe.

Which of the following is evidence for the environmental (as opposed to genetic) transmission of aggression?

A 5-year-old girl observes a stranger in a store pretending to discipline a stuffed dog. When the stranger moves on to the next aisle, the girl picks up another stuffed animal and does the same thing. Her behavior is similar to the findings in studies conducted by:

You conducted a research study with 24 male participants on the effects of movies and sexual violence. For the study, the participants watched three violent films over the course of two days. Then, to assess participants' attitudes toward women and sexual violence, you observed their responses as they read actual cases of rape victims. You found that the participants:

An empathic husband who observes his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. This best illustrates the functioning of:

Learning by imitating the behavior of others is called ______________ learning. The researcher best known for studying this type of learning is ______________.

Nicole's parents are often inconsistent in terms of their behaviors and what they say. For example, they often tell Nicole how important it is to be polite, but are not very polite themselves when it comes to letting other people off airplanes or giving up seats on public buses. How would you expect this contradiction would impact Nicole's behavior?

Mirror neurons are found in the brain's ______________ and are believed to be the neural basis for ______________.

A guest will be spending time in your classroom. To make sure your students imitate this person's prosocial behaviors, you should pick a guest who the children think is:

Tina's goal is to raise children who enjoy playing musical instruments. Given what you know about observational learning, which of the following would you recommend to her?

In Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment, children who observed the adult model's aggressive outburst were ________________ to lash out at the doll, compared to those children not exposed to the adult model.

Johnny is "hammering" the nail in with his toy hammer as his father is hammering the deck boards. His behavior is a clear example of:

When a 4-year-old girl suddenly picks up her ironing board and plays it like it is an electric guitar, it is likely that she has seen someone playing a real electric guitar in the same manner. Thus, she has learned via:

Prolonged exposure to television violence leads viewers to experience:

Children are especially likely to behave aggressively after viewing television violence in which an attractive person commits:

Karen is a 10-year-old who frequently watches violent movies on television. This is most likely to lead her to:

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Desensitization and imitation are two factors that contribute to:

Most of the television shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to:

Which of the following factors would be important in the acquisition of aggressive behaviors through observational learning?

Jackie is worried about her young children being exposed to the violence on television. You tell Jackie all of the following EXCEPT:

The majority of correlational studies that have examined television violence and aggressive behavior suggest that the more hours children spend watching violent television shows, the more likely they are to exhibit aggressive behaviors. What is the major problem with these findings?

Studies have shown that exposure to violence also _________________ viewers when later viewing violent scenes on television.