Geology Lab

24 July 2022
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39 test answers

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question
What important element can be refined by grinding up chalcopyrite?
answer
copper
question
Which of the following scales is the smallest scale a geologist can work with?
answer
Atomic
question
Part complete The interior layers of the Earth can be determined based on either chemical properties or physical properties. Which of the layers listed below would be an example of a layer of Earth defined by physical properties?
answer
Asthenosphere
question
A geologist is studying a rock that is half a meter long, 325 centimeters wide, and 150 centimeters tall. What is the volume of this rock?
answer
2,437,500 cm3
question
You need to determine the volume of a rock, but the rock in question has an irregular shape, so the standard volume equation will not work. Which of the following lab tools can be used to determine the volume of the rock?
answer
Graduated cylinder
question
Which two observations help constrain the dimensions of Earth's core and mantle?
answer
Earth's density and the wobble of Earth's rotation axis
question
What does the wobble of Earth's rotation axis tell us?
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The core must be denser than the mantle.
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How do we know that the radius of Earth's core has to be at least 3100 km?
answer
A smaller core would require material with an unnatural density.
question
How do we know that the radius of Earth's mantle has to be at least 1771 km?
answer
If the mantle were smaller, the rock making up the mantle would have a density that is too low.
question
How do we know the actual dimensions of Earth's core and mantle?
answer
from earthquake waves passing through Earth
question
Determine how much a block sinks in water. The density of the block is 0.8 g/cm3, its mass is 2 cm, and the volume is 8 cm3. The density of the water is 1.0 g/cm3. How much of the block's mass is below the water surface?
answer
1.6cm
question
Select the correct statements below about an iceberg with a density of 0.917 g/cm3 that is submerged in ocean water with a density of 1.025 g/cm3.
answer
An iceberg that is 65 m high will have between 56 and 58 m of that height submerged. The percentage of the iceberg underwater will stay the same if a small portion of the top of the iceberg melts.
question
Part complete What kind of tectonic boundary would be evidenced by down-dropped blocks of rock and shallow-focused earthquakes?
answer
Divergent Boundary
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Part complete You are visiting Key West, Florida. Which tectonic plate are you on, and what is the nearest adjacent plate?
answer
North American Plate; Caribbean Plate
question
Which of the following evidence does NOT support plate tectonics?
answer
presence of magnetic field
question
A pattern of earthquakes that are shallow at the plate boundary and get progressively deeper are evidence of a _____ plate boundary. An example of this is found in __________.
answer
convergent; Western South America
question
GPS data can be used to track the rate and direction of plate movement. If a GPS unit measures a latitude velocity of 28.2 mm/yr and a longitude velocity of 59 mm/yr, what is the velocity of plate motion?
answer
65.4 mm/yr
question
Refer to the hypothetical plate map below and determine how many portions of plates are shown.
answer
5 plates
question
Which two processes commonly generate magma?
answer
decompression melting and wet melting (the addition of volatiles)
question
Where does the water involved in melting at subduction zones come from?
answer
Water contained within minerals in the subducting plate is released during metamorphism.
question
What is peridotite?
answer
the rock making up the mantle
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Why is water a necessary component of the melting process in subduction zones?
answer
The addition of water lowers the melting temperature of rock.
question
Why is decompression melting common at mid-ocean ridges but not at subduction zones?
answer
Tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, resulting in a lowering of pressure beneath the ridge. Tectonic plates are moving together at subduction zones, resulting in an increase of pressure under new mountains.
question
Which of the following could cause rock to melt?
answer
- increase in temp - change in composition - decrease in pressure
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What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere?
answer
The crust is part of the lithosphere.
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Complete this statement: Divergence is to moving away as convergence is to _______.
answer
moving toward
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Plates move apart at __________ boundaries, move together at __________ boundaries, and move side-by-side at __________ boundaries.
answer
divergent/convergent/transform
question
Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries?
answer
mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys
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Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries?
answer
Ocean trenches and volcanoes
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Where is the youngest ocean floor found?
answer
along the crest of mid-ocean ridges
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What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries?
answer
The Earth would increase in volume
question
What is a volcanic arc?
answer
a row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone
question
Which of the following mountain ranges are examples of continental arcs?
answer
Andes and Cascades
question
Of the physical features listed, which is associated with the greatest earthquake hazard?
answer
Sierra Nevada
question
Which of the following states has the greatest earthquake hazard?
answer
Cali
question
The majority of volcanoes are associated with which type of tectonic plate boundary?
answer
Convergent Boundaries
question
Which of the following best represents the relationship between earthquakes and tectonic plates?
answer
More earthquakes are found along tectonic plate boundaries than within a single tectonic plate.
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In which of the following regions does the greatest number of people live in areas exposed to the risk of earthquakes?
answer
southeastern Asia
question
Which of the following bodies of water is associated with seafloor spreading?
answer
Red Sea