Chapter 8 Earth Science

___________ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and African during the late Paloeozonic A) Granopteris B) Monastarious C. Glossopteris D) Mesoaurus

In the early part of the 20th century, ______________ argued forcefully for continental drift.

The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ___________________

Today, ___________ is in about the same geographic position as during late Paleozoic time.

Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere?

Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with __________ plate boundary.

The temperature below which a magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the ___________.

A very long lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called ___________

Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as

The ----- is a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now. a) Ural Mountains b) San Andreas fault c) Peru - Chile trench d) Red sea

A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is --- a) 2 feet per year b) .1 inches per year c) 20 feet per year d) 2 centimeters per year

Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates? a) gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon b)Electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core c) Export of heat from deep on the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere d)swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core

The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not ______________.

All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics expect for a)changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates b) ocean floor drilling c) hot spots d) paleomagnetism

_______ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangea a) Geometrical fit between South America and Africa b) Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid - Atlantic ridge c)Late Paleozoic glacial features

Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands?

Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere? a)Zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flow age b)Cool, ridged layer of the crust and upper mantle that forms the tectonic plates c) Deforms mainly by brittle fracturing and faulting d) Partial melting of rising granitic plumes produces huge volumes of basaltic magma

New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at _____ a) Divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma b) Convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma c) Divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma d) Convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ___. a)Subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries b)Transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries c) Rift zones along mid -ocean ridges d) Sites of long - lived, hot spots volcanism in the ocean basins

Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ____. a) Rifting beneath a continental plate and the beginning of continental drift b)Sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone c) Rising of hot asthenosphere from deep in the mantle d) Transform faulting between an oceanic plate and a continental plate

A transform plate boundary is characterized by ______. a)Stratovolcanos on the edge of a plate and shield volcanos on the adjacent plate b)Two converging oceanic plates meeting head - on and piling up into a mid - ocean ridge c) A divergent boundary where the continental plate charged to an oceanic plate d) A deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory? a) Earth's magnetic field originates in the outer core b) Earth's surface area has been essentially constant over time c) Radioactive decay slows down at the extreme pressures of the inner core d) Earth's ocean basins are very old and stable features

The modern - day Red Sea is explained by plate tectonics theory because it is ____. a) A tiny remnant of a once immense ocean that was coded as Africa moved toward Asia b)The site of a transform fault along which Arabia is moving away from Africa c)A rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate d) A rare example of a two - continent subduction zone where the African continental plate is sinking under the Arabian continental plate

Mount St Helens and the other Cascade volcanos are ____. a)Young, active stratovolcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere b) A row of young, active, shield volcanos built as western North American moved over a hotspot deep in the mantle c) Old, deeply eroded stratovolcanoes built before the Pacific Ocean existed d) Old, deeply eroded, basaltic shield volcanos built when western North America was over the present - day site of the Hawaiian hot spots

The volcanos and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ___. a)continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate b)Fault allowing Arabia to slip westward past east Africa and penetrate into Turkey c) Transform fault aligned with the Red Sea carrying the Arabian and African blocks in opposite directions d) Continental collision zone between Africa and the Zagros Mountains along the southern margin of Eurasia

The Aleutian Islands occur at a ____________. a. convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate b. transform boundary where North America has moved towards Alaska c. divergent boundary where shield volcanoes are forming d. convergent, continental margin with uplifted fault blocks, much like those of the Basin and Range Province

____________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates.

Deep-oceanic trenches are most abudant around the rim of the ____________ ocean basin.

Early results of the deep see drilling project clearly justified the conclusion that _______

plates are moving apart from one another

plates that are sliding past one another horizontally

this boundary is normally devoid of volcanism

where lithosphere is sinking into the mantle

characterized by basaltic volcanism and seafloor spreading

characterized by arcs of stratovolcanoes and deep ocean trenches

the mid atlantic ridge

where subduction zones occur

the san andreas fault

the west coast of south america

Evidence to Support Plate Tectonics

Ocean drilling projects

Existence of Hot Spots in oceanic crust

Paleomagnetism

Have the poles moved?

Linear magnetic patterns associated with mid ocean ridges are configured as:

New Oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at

The ___ is an example of an active, continent-continent collusion