Chapter 4-6

3 October 2023
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The social smile
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Develops around the six weeks of age
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Frustration
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An infants anger is usually triggered by
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Sadness
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Increased levels of cortrisol are associated with an infants
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9
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Usually , stranger wariness is first noticeable at __ months
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Separation anxiety
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When a baby acts upset because a caregiver is leaving the baby is exhibiting
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Pride
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Which emotion seems to depend on the development of social awareness
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A part of his mother
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Red is 3 months. According to psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler, he views himself as:
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18months
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Researchers placed a dot of rouge on a babies noses and then look into a mirror . on average, at what age did most babies touch their own noses while looking at their refecltion ?
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Linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy
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Researchers have found that a persons temperament is
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Easy, difficult, slow to warm up, hard to classify
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What are the four categories of temperament suggested by the new York longitudinal study
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Responsive and timing
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Synchrony depends on
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Attachment
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The lasting emotional bond that an infant forms with a caregiver is called
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Maintains contracting with the caregiver while exploring
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A sign of secure attachment is when a child
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Social reference
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A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called
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Laugh
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Compared to mother's , fathers are more likely to make their infants
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Learning trust or mistrust
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In erkisons theory, the infants earliest fast is described as that of
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Autonomy
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Another term for self rule is
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Asserting control over his or her own actions
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The autonomy versus shame and doubt crisis invoices the child
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Social
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Learning takes place by observing other
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Self aware
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Distal parenting tends to produce children who are
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4 1/2; 3
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Between the ages of 2 & 6, a well - nourshied child will gain about pounds & grow about inches per year.
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Their propensity to overeat and underexercise.
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Today's children could become the first generation in more than 100 years to have a shorter lifespan than their parents as a result of:
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She isn't eating enough
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Parents of a typical five-year-old girl in America are most likely to say
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Just right
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Kendra Age 4 is very particular about her daily routines especially at mealtime she will only eat from a certain plate drink from one certain cup and must have a folded napkin next to her plate she is exhibiting the phenomenon called:
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Tooth decay
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One of the most common diseases of young children in developed Nations is
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Using scissors to cut paper
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An example of a fine motor skill is
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Tertiary
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Which type of injury prevention begins after an injury and is done to limit the damage caused by the injury?
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Lead
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Which environmental substance has been shown to reduce intelligence and increase behavior problems in young children?
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75
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A two-year-old human's brain is percent of the adult brains weight?
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Myelonation
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The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called
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Autism
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A disorder that research has suggested may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is:
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Lateralization
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The specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called:
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Allows children to think in symbols
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Preoperational intelligence
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Logically
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Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think :
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Centration
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To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all other aspects is called:
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Static reasoning
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When Jennie sees third grade teacher in the grocery store, she is shocked to see her outside of school. This is likely due to jennies:
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Believe that what has been done cannot be undone
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Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to:
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Interacts with a mentor to accomplish a task
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According to vygotsky guided particpation requires that a child
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The zone of proximal development
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Skills that the child can accomplish with assistance but can't yet perform independently are part of:
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Scaffolding
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According to vgyotsky a teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses:
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Theory-theory
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Humans seek reasons, causes,and underlying principles to explain the world around them. The research term for this tendency is:
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To advance thought.
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According to vygotsky within the context of cognition ,language is a tool:
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Fast mapping
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When children hear a new word in a familiar context they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word. This is called:
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Age of 2
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Children typically understand the basics of grammar by the:
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The child can apply grammatical rules to vocalizations
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Overregulaztion Ina child's speech patterns indicates that
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Development and growth
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Preschool programs are called " child centered" when they stress children's :
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Academics
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Most teachers directed preschool programs stress:
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regulate emotions
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The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 & 6 is learning when and how to:
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Initiative versus guilt
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Erikson called the psychosocial development stage that occurs between 3 & 6 years of age:
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Initiative
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Two year old Julia repeatedly exclaims "me do it!" When her mother tries to help her. Although this behavior is frustrating her mother understands hat doing things independently will develop Julia's sense of:
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An unrealistic self concept
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According to erikson children have and thus believe that they can achieve any goal.
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Neurological maturity and a longer attention span
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Which factor helps a young child to demonstartate initiative as Erikson details it in his third stage of psychosocial development?
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Instrinsic motivation
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The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called:
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Is mostly extrinsic
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Jaspreet frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she recieves. When alone however jaspreet rarely plays the piano.Jaspreets motivtion:
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Externalizing problems
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Are mark by excessive guilt withdrawal or fearfulness
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Earlier than
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Girls usually develop emotional regulation ?boys
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Their peers
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Young children usually play best with :
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Engaged in active play
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Many developmentalists are connected that modern children spend too little time :
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Parralled play
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Billy and Rodney are both building with construction bricks. They are sitting apart each with his own set of bricks. What type of play is this?
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Sociodramatic play
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Tiara molly and maria are playing dress up. They are all princesses and have built a castle out of cardboard boxes and colored paper. What type of play are the three girls engaging in?
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Authoritarian
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When parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children, their parenting style is labeled:
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Permissive
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Jose demonstrates warmth and nurturance towards his children. He does not believe in punishment of any sort and does not have any riles for his children. His parenting style is:
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Permissive
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Children who lack self control are most likely to have parents who have the parenting style.
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Using electronic media
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Today's children especially those living in urban areas spend more time than playing outdoors .
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Behavorial theory
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Which theory focuses on how children learn acceptable behaviors for their gender?
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Nurture
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Developmentalists who believe that children are born amoral amdnlearn to adopt their community's rules of morality subscribe to the belief that moral development predominantly comes from:
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Bullying
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Roderick's hots or kicks Edwin on the playground nearly everyday. He also encourages other children to laugh at Edwin's attempts to kick a ball. Roderick is using aggression against Edwin.
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Reactive
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Which type of aggression tends to be most characteristics of 2 year old children?
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Abuse or neglect
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In order to be substantiated child maltreatment, must be verified by the authorities .