The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is a group of oil-producing nations that tries to control oil production&prices
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Saddam Hussein
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An Iraqu leader (no more) who invaded Iran & later Kuwait Kicked out of Iraq by the U.S.
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Why did the Soviet Union & the U.S. compete for allies in the Middle East?
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Both nations wanted power and INfluence in the Middle East because of its vast oil reserves & valuable waterways.
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How did OPEC increase the power of MIddle Eastern nations?
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By acting as a unified group, the MIddle Eastern oil nations could determine the price of oil without fear of competition. As world demand for oil increased, the OPEC nations became more powerful.
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How did rising oil prices affect nations around the world?
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-Developing countries had to cut spending on social programs to pay for oil. -Wealthy nations (like U.S.) saw high oil prices cause the prices of other goods to rise which resulted in inflation.
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Describe one cause and one result of the Iran-Iraq War.
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Cause---Iraq wanted control of a key waterway into the Persian Gulf. Result---More than a million people were killed and neither accomplished its goal.
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Why did the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait become an issue of global concern?
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Kuwait is and important oil-producing coutry strategically located on the Persian Gulf. -Will Saudi Arabia be next?
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Six Day War------
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the third Arab-Israeli war, waged in 1967, in which Israel made major territorial gains.
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PLO----
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the Palestine Liberation Organization, formed in 1964 with the goal of setting up a Palestinian state.
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refugee
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a person who flees his or her homeland to seek safety elsewhere
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Occuupied territory
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a land seized by Israel during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war
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Reprisal
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forceful act in response to an injury
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Intifada
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mass uprising by Palestinians in Israeli-occupied lands, began in 1987
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Why did the Jews want the state of Israel?
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They believed they needed a homeland (where they were the majority) to live in safety
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How did Arab nations respond to the founding of Israel?
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They angrily refused to recognize Israel and declared war.
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What lands did Israel gain as a result of the war in 1948 and 1967?
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In 1948, almost half the land set aside by the UN for an Arab state & half of Jerusalem -In 1967, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, West Bank
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What was the cause of the inifada?
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The Palestinians were angered by years of Israeli military rule.
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Why are Israelis relluctant to give up the occupied territories?
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The Israelis believe that the territories protect Israeli's security.
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How did the end of the Cold war make movement toward peace possible in the 1990s?
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With the end of the cold war, the U.S. didn't have to worry about Soviet Union gaining power, land, or influence in the Middle East. All could work towards peace.
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Describe the major themes of Arabic and Persian poetry.
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love, war courage, praise of leaders and desert life
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What are three themes of modern Muslim literature?
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-conflict between Arab and western cultures -disruptions caused by modernization -turbulence of Egyptian life
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How did the establishment of Israel affect Hebrew literature?
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It inspired Israeli writers to revive Hebrew as a spoken and literary language
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What were the two main types of structures in Muslim arachitecture?
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-mosques -palaces
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Why did calligraphy become an important feature of Muslim art?
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because it was orginally intended as a way to represent sayings from the Koran
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How do the arts of the Middle East reflect the cultural diversity of the region?
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The arts represent and often blend the ideas and work of Muslims, Jews, & Christianity
