Chapter 20 - Cardiovascular System

Label ECG A first degree block is caused by ________________. The rate of ventricular conduction is best determined by the _______________________ on an ECG. An ECG tracing from someone with a third-degree AV block is best described as a tracing with a ______________________.

The semilunar valves remain open throughout the ____________________ phase of the cardiac cycle. The atria remain in diastole throughout both the _______________________ phases of the cardiac cycle. Positive inotropes allow the heart to pump ____________ blood with fewer heart beats. They do this by _____________________ the end-systolic volume (ESV). An individual with high blood pressure (hypertension) is expected to benefit from the administration of ____________________ inotropic drugs that _______________ the hearts workload. The expected effect of the drug Digoxin is to _________________ ventricular contraction and _________________ stroke volume.

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation.

Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor blood carbon dioxide and pH.

The AV valves close in response to the ________________________. Action potentials received directly from ________________ stimulate the papillary muscles to contract, allowing for the proper _______________ of the AV valves. Mitral valve prolapse severe enough to cause regurgitation may directly cause _________________ pressure in the ____________ atrium.

Angina is defined as: Olivia's EKG was normal at the beginning of her stress test and symptoms and changes of ischemia only became evident once she began walking on the treadmill because of: Risk factors for AS include: The 'form' of blood cholesterol that reflects healthy cholesterol metabolism and is associated with a lowered AS risk is: The statement that the risk factors for AS are synergistic means that: A proven method for preventing atherosclerosis: Olivia's doctor left a stent in her coronary artery after it had been successfully opened by angioplasty to prevent restenosis, true or false?