Chapter 18

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

Trabeculae carneae are found in the ventricles and never the atria.

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the ________.

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

The ________ and ________ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached.

The enlarged coronary vessel outside the heart that empties blood into the right atrium is the ________.

The ________ valve of the heart has three flaps with chordae tendineae.

The layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep are

The heart has _____ chambers and _____ valves

Which of the following does not deliver blood to the right atrium?

The role of the coronary arteries is to:

Which of the following is not a difference between the left and right ventricles?

The ________ valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Which of the following is not a difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

Which heart chamber sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells?

Which of the following terms refers to a lack of oxygen supply to heart muscle cells?

The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?

Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?

Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?

A man enters the hospital complaining of chest pain. His history includes smoking, a stressful job, a diet heavy in saturated fats, lack of exercise, and high blood pressure. Although he is not suffering from a heart attack, his doctor explains to him that a heart attack is quite possible. What did the chest pain indicate? Why is this man a prime candidate for further complications?

A patient takes a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually for chest pain. Nitroglycerin acts directly on smooth muscle, producing relaxation and vessel dilation. What is the name for chest pain, and how does nitroglycerin relieve chest pain?

Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells ________.

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells in a healthy, normally functioning heart.

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.

During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.

The heart's pacemaker is the:

What is the source of ATP for cardiac muscle contraction?

Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues.

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue.

Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and a weakened heart.

The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves.

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons.

An ECG provides direct information about valve function.

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________.

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.

Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

The tricuspid valve is closed ________.

During the period of ventricular filling ____

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

The time of day most hazardous for heart attacks is ________.

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

Isovolumetric contraction ________.

The ECG T wave interval represents _______

CO = ________ × SV.

The order of impulse conduction in the heart, from beginning to end, is:

A premature ventricular contraction is classified as a(n):

The QRS complex on an electrocardiogram represents:

The first heart sound (the 'lub' of 'lub-dup') is caused by:

Which is correctly matched?

In a healthy individual which of the following would be low?

Which of the following would increase heart rate?

The left side of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump.

Which of the following structures sets the pace of heart contraction?

What does the T wave of the electrocardiogram represent?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that regulates stroke volume?

What is afterload?

What causes heart sounds?

Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart?

What does the ECG wave tracing represent?

What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?

Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?

Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent?

Which of the following would increase heart rate?

How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume?

By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume?

How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output?

Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during ___

Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles?

Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves.

What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close?

Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.

Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)?

A 14-year-old girl undergoing a physical examination prior to being admitted to summer camp was found to have a loud heart diastolic murmur at the second intercostal space to the left side of the sternum. What is the reason for the loud heart murmur associated with this girl's condition?

An older woman complains of shortness of breath and intermittent fainting spells. Her doctor runs various tests and finds that the AV node is not functioning properly. What is the suggested treatment?

A patient was admitted to the hospital with chest pains. On admission, his pulse was 110 and blood pressure was 96/64. According to his history, his normal pulse rate is usually between 80 and 88 and his blood pressure runs from 120/70 to 130/80. Why did these changes in BP and HR occur?

A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion, and of needing to sleep on three pillows at night. On physical assessment, the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen. Which of these symptoms either reflect left-sided and/or right-sided heart failure?

Asystole is the total absence of ventricular electrical activity. Would defibrillation be effective in this situation?

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker to prevent angina (chest pain) by decreasing the demand for oxygen. What is the explanation for this pharmacological effect?

What is the main function of heart valves?

When the atria contract, which of the following is true?

Which of the following is equivalent to the ventricular volume during isovolumetric contraction?

Which of the following is true during ventricular systole?

During the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following is true?

Most of the decrease in ventricular volume takes place during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Which of the following is equivalent to the ventricular volume during isovolumetric relaxation?

Most of the increase in left ventricular volume takes place during what phase of the cardiac cycle?

Proxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial contractions with little pause between them.

Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart?

Foramen ovale ________.

Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.

What structure in the fetal heart allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium?

The pulmonary circuit is not active in the developing fetus.

An angiocardiogram was performed on an infant who had symptoms of breathlessness, and it was found that he had a patent ductus arteriosus. What is the location and function of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus, and how does it relate to the reason for the infant's breathlessness?