Chapter 11 (US History)

devotion to the interests and cultures of a person's own nation

armies would fight for yards of ground

telegram from Germany to Mexico that was stopped by the British

An act that required men to register with the government to be randomly called up front

a truce that ended the war

not allowing people to interfere with war efforts or saying anything disloyal about the government

the moving of thousands of African American from the South to the North

plan for world peace present by Woodrow Wilson to Congress

establish 9 new nations (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Syria, and Transjordan) and shifting territories

development of armed forces and using them as a tool for diplomacy

a group of nation (France, Britain, and Russia) that were against central powers

empire of middle eastern countries controlled by the Turks and Austria-Hungary and Germany

heir of Austria, shot by Gavrilo Princip (Serbian nationalist)

a British boat that was sunk by U-boats

heavy guard destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean

the force included men from different part of the country, led by General John. J Perishing

person who opposes warfare on moral grounds

biased communication made to influence people's thought and actions

head of CPI, former muckraking journalist

prosperous businessman who led the War Industries board in 1918

main regulatory body***

international organizations to address diplomatic crises

French premier, determined to stop French invasions

British prime minister, got reelected because of the "Make Germany Pay" slogan

forcing Germany to take responsibility for WWI

damage from war

The main reasons the US got involved in the war was because of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and forming allies. Many countries were scared of Germany's nationalism. Imperialism helped Germany with its markets making it stronger. With all this power they even had the an army all set up. Yet, Germany still goes and makes allies with Austria-Hungary, Italy, and other European nations. They had too much power and were attacking many places so the US had to take part.

Germany began its war offense in Belgium. They invaded the country using the Schlieffen Plan, fighting against Russia and France. Then there was a long siege between Germany and the Allies. Later on, the first battle occurred, it lasted months and were about 1.2 million casualties.

The United States mobilized a strong military during World War I because of the Selective Service Act, random men would be called to the front to fight in the war. About 2 million were registered and ¾ of them went to fight.

The deadly weapons used in World War I were the tank and the airplane. The tank was built from metal so bullets couldn't break it and they could go through barbed wires. The planes had new and improved machine guns on them and were also used to carry bombs.

To sell the war to the nation, the government raised taxes. It raise ⅓ of the war effort from raising taxes with progressive income, war profit tax, tobacco, liquor, and luxurious goods. They also had thousands of people asking for money and guilted them if they didn't give them any by saying only "a friend of Germany" wouldn't help.

Some events that undermined the civil liberties was hysteria of the citizen. When the war erupted so did the people. There were attacks on many immigrants especially the Germans and Austria-Hungary ones. People would change anything if it was German or take away German culture and publicly humiliating German Americans. Because of this the Espionage and Sedition Act was passed.

The major effects of the treat was the new countries. The new countries included Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine and Transjordan. Russia and Germany lost territory, Austria and Hungary became two separate countries, and Romania gained territory.

Because Woodrow Wilson supported the League of Nations, he was not able to support the Treaty of Versailles because it was different idea. The League of Nations was to keep peace and solve conflict without going to war, the Treaty of Versailles was unfair. Although Germany had started the war, it wasn't possible for them to repay the debt. They also took away territory from Germany and Russian and wouldn't listen to the public about self-determination.

-Germany has lots of control and innocent people need help : U.S. enters World War I -Austria-Hungary surrendered, Germans rebelled against government : Germany collapses -Raising taxes, guilting people into giving money : U.S. economy becomes more productive

By interfering in national affairs, American have learned that war cost lots of money, men, and can be dissatisfying. With the making of weapons, big or small, America spent a lot of money on the war. Additionally, they not only costed the nation, but nations families since they needed men for the war and some were chosen randomly. In the end there was the Treaty of Versailles, yet America was unsatisfied with it.

Some changes in national boundaries from before and after the war include great changes in eastern Europe and the middle east. New countries were made such as Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Syria, Iraq, and Transjordan. Russia and Germany lost land, Austria-Hungary became two countries, and Romania gained land.

The war threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the atlantic because of nationality. The Central Powers didn't care for anyone, but themselves destroying towns and villages of innocent people. On the east coast, if anyone was a descendant from those of central powers, they were publicly humiliated by most of the population, there was no respect, especially for Germans.

America's ties with the Allies were stronger because they felt that the Allies were the ones protecting the people and stopping the war. The Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia and the Germans had so much power and were abusing it. America felt bad for the countries so they sided with the Allies.

The flu spread quickly among the troops because they were all on the field together. They would be drinking the same unclean water and be around the same pests, it's easy for mice to spread germs.

African Americans (B) got to go to the north, increase in job opportunities, helped with war (D) racial prejudice was still in the north Women (B) had to work while men were fighting, got recognition, later on got 19th amendment passed (D) hard work, not very good pay Immigrants (B) the Espionage and Sedition Act was passed, caused less discrimination (D) people were being disrespected because of their previous nationality There are good this that came out and bad things from the war for the minorities. Women had to work hard, but because of the war, they didn't have good pay. However years later, they did get the 19th amendment passed allowing them to vote. The African American and the Immigrants were being discriminated, fortunately for the Immigrants, the Espionage and Sedition Act was passed, but the African Americans did get to go to the north and have more job opportunities.

The Treaty of Versailles didn't lay the foundations for lasting peace because they started off bad. They humiliated Germany and used the war guilt clause. It excluded Russia from the peace meeting and they and Germany lost land. In addition, they didn't listen to the claim of people about self-determination.

The Americans opposed the Treaty of Versailles because it was not good for the economy and "pulled down all of Europe" which can negatively affect the US, too. People believed that it was a sell-out to imperialism and others said that the new national boundaries did not satisfy the demands of self rule.