Chapter 10: Motivation And Emotion

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do.

An innate (unlearned) biological patter of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.

Something in the environment that turns on a fixed pattern of behavior, sets instinct into motion.

An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. -pertains to a psychological state. -Most of the time, but not always, associate with Need.

A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. -involves a physiological state. -Most of the time, but not always associated with Drive.

Theory that explains that as a drive becomes stronger, we are motivated to reduce it.

The goal of drive reduction. The bodys tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state or balance. - body temp., blood sugar, potassium, and sodium levels, and oxygenation must be maintained at a certain balance.

The psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather then either low or high. -Low end you might be to lethargic to perform tasks well. -High end you might not be able to concentrate to perform task.

Learning something so well that it becomes automatic.

Maslows theory that human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.

The motivation to develop ones full potential as a human being. Its the highest and most elusive of Maslows proposed needs. -only possible after other needs in the hierarchy are met.

Deci and Ryans theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, an autonomy.

Means that the psychological needs are innate and exist in every person.

Met when we feel that we are able to bring about desired outcomes. -First organismic need described by self-determination theory.

Involved in competence meaning the belief that you have the competence to accomplish a goal or a task.

Involved in competence meaning the sense that you can gain skills and overcome obstacles.

The need to engage in warm relations with other people. -The second organismic need described by the self-determination theory.

The sense that we are in control of our own life. Feeling that ones behavior is self-motivated and emerging from genuine interest.

Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs, curiosity, challenge, and fun.

Motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments.

The process by which as organism effortfully controls behavior in order to pursue important objectives. -A key aspect of this is getting feedback on how we are doing in our goal pursuits.

A key concept in understanding how individuals successfully pursue goals. Putting off a pleasurable experience in the interest of some larger reward later.

Feeling, or affect that can involve physiological arousal (such as fast heartbeat), conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone), and behavioral expression (a smile).

Monitors breathing, heart beat, and digestion.

Rapid reactions to threats (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate.) Fight or flight.

calms the body, process of maintenance and healing. Rest and digest

A way to measure arousal, A rise in the skins electrical conductivity when sweat gland activity increases.

A machine examiners use to try to determine whether or not someone is lying.

The theory that emotion from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment. Emotion occurs after physiological reaction. -For example: If someone is running from something, they are not running because they are scared but they are scared because they are running.

The proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.

The pathway from the thalamus to the amygdala. does not convey detailed info., but it has speed.

Pathway from the thalamus through the sensory cortex. Carries nerve impulses from the sensory organs to the thalamus and from the thalamus to the sensory cortex, which sends signals to the amygdala.

Schachter and Singers theory that emoton is determined by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. -We interpret cues and label the emotion -For example: Getting a compliment, you will label yourself as happy. Doing something wrong you will label yourself as mad.

Facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them. -For example: if we smile we will feel happy, if we frown we will feel sad. -Supports James-Lange Theory

Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed.

Refers to if an emotion is pleasant or unpleasant.

Refers to emotions such as anger, guilt, and sadness.

Refers to emotions such as happy, joy, and interest.

The degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individuals being active, engaged, or excited.

Circle graph that arranges emotion.

Fredricksons model of positive emotion stating that the function of positive emotions lies in their effects on an individuals attention and ability to build resources.

Captures the idea that any aspect of life that enhances ones positive feelings is likely to do so for only short time, because individuals generally adapt to any life change that would presumably influence their happiness.