Ch 4 quiz

26 February 2024
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According to traditional behaviorism, personality is:
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molded by one's parents.
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If we place a dot of rouge on a 20-month-old girl's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her own nose. This proves that the child has some:
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self-awareness.
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"Proximity-seeking" and "contact-maintaining" behaviors are displays of:
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attachment.
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Nine-month-old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when his mother leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a(n) _____ attachment
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secure
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Which is NOT an essential characteristic of high-quality day care?
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a ratio of one adult to three infants.
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A toddler in Freud's anal stage would also be at Erikson's:
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autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
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Rodney was raised on a farm in Utah and enjoys the taste of beef liver cooked with onions. Sarah was raised in New York City and would never think of eating beef liver, but she very much enjoys sushi. What explains their differences in food preference?
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social referencing
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When a baby acts upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting:
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separation anxiety
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Proximal parenting tends to produce children who are:
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compliant.
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Victor and Rosa want to enhance their synchrony with their six-month-old daughter. They can best do this by:
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imitating her vocal and facial expressions.
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The emotions of shame, pride, and embarrassment require that a child first:
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gain an awareness of other people.
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Which scenario portrays a secure attachment?
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a child being willing to explore a new environment in the presence of the caregiver
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Based on research, attachment appears to be
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universal around the world.
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Researchers placed a dot of rouge on babies' noses and then had them look into a mirror. On average, at what age did most babies touch their own noses when they saw their reflection?
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18 months
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A sign of secure attachment is when a child:
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maintains contacting with the caregiver while exploring
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Erikson's second stage of development is called
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autonomy versus shame and doubt
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Huan is 20 months old, and his mother is in a hurry. She wants to put his shoes on, but Huan rejects that by squirming and declaring, "No! Me!" It takes him five minutes, and his shoes end up on the wrong feet, but he proudly skips out to the car when he's done. Huan is in Erikson's ______ stage.
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autonomy versus shame and doubt
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The coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant is called:
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synchrony
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Distal parenting tends to produce children who are:
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self-aware
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When playing with their children, fathers are more likely than mothers to:
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engage in physical play
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Compared to mothers, fathers are more likely to make their infants:
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laugh
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What appears in an infant between 2 and 4 months of age?
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laughter
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Dr. Berkowitz is doing research using the Strange Situation in order to measure a child's:
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attachment
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According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a:
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working model
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Which characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?
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social awareness
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One clear difference between father-infant and mother-infant interactions is that:
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babies laugh and smile more with their fathers.
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An infant's anger is usually triggered by:
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frustration
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In the United States, about 20 percent of infants are cared for _____ throughout their first year of life.
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exclusively by their mothers
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Worldwide, only about 15 percent of infants receive daily care from:
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a paid, trained, nonrelative caregiver
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When playing with their children, mothers are more likely than fathers to:
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play peek-a-boo and patty cake
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Research has found that a person's temperament is:
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linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy
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Margarita and Roberto are warm, nurturing parents who hold their baby often. They are exhibiting:
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proximal parenting
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A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who:
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eats too much