Ch. 15 Pearson Quiz

What type of tissue, present in the walls of blood vessels, allows for regulation of vessel diameter? Smooth muscle Neural tissue Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle

White blood cells are generally too large to pass through capillaries. What route must they follow to move from the arterial to the venous circulation? Precapillary sphincters Venules Metarterioles Collateral arteries

Blood pressure can be measured with a sphygmomanometer. When the display indicates diastolic pressure, what is heard through the stethoscope. Why? Nothing is heard because blood flow has stopped in the compressed artery. Sounds are heard because blood is flowing through the artery, but the sounds are distinctive from the sounds heard when pressure was higher than diastolic. Nothing is heard because blood flow is smooth through the fully open artery. Sounds are heard because the blood flow through the partially compressed artery is turbulent.

What is the role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation? The kidney produces epinephrine, which decreases blood pressure. The kidney produces epinephrine, which increases blood pressure. The kidney can eliminate water to decrease blood volume or it can absorb water to increase blood volume. The kidney can eliminate water to decrease blood volume or it can conserve water to maintain blood volume.

Which is the correct relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance? Flow is directly proportional to change in pressure and resistance. Flow is directly proportional to change in pressure and inversely proportional to resistance. Flow is inversely proportional to change in pressure and resistance. Flow is inversely proportional to change in pressure and directly proportional to resistance.

What compensatory mechanisms are available to help maintain blood pressure when a large volume of blood is lost, such as during a hemorrhage? Vasodilation and increased release of epinephrine Vasoconstriction, increased thirst, and decreased renal fluid output in the urine Increased urine output and increased parasympathetic activity Vasodilation and increased renal urine production

Which type of vessel changes most to regulate resistance to blood flow. Why? Arterioles because they are the only type of vessel with an adjustable diameter. Arterioles because of the large amount of smooth muscle in their walls. Arteries because of the large amount of muscle in their walls. Veins because they are the lowest pressure vessels, thus they can develop greater pressure increases with regulation.

Which changes in paracrines cause vasodilation? What is the result? Increased O2, increased CO2, increased H+, decreased NO, result in decreased blood flow. Decreased O2, increased CO2, decreased H+, decreased NO result in increased blood flow. Decreased O2, increased CO2, increased H+, increased NO, result in increased blood flow. Increased O2, decreased CO2, increased H+, increased NO result in decreased blood flow.

At rest, the majority of blood flows through the ________ liver and digestive tract brain heart tissue (not the chambers) kidneys

Which set of changes correctly describes the baroreceptor reflex in response to increased blood pressure? Increased vessel diameter, increased resistance, increased cardiac output Increased vessel diameter, decreased resistance, decreased cardiac output Decreased vessel diameter, increased resistance, decreased cardiac output Decreased vessel diameter, decreased resistance, decreased cardiac output

Why is the velocity of blood lowest in the capillaries as compared to all other types of vessels? The capillaries have the lowest blood volume. The capillaries have a relatively large amount of smooth muscle for their diameter. The capillaries have the largest cross-sectional area. The capillaries have a larger diameter than the arterioles that feed them.

Given that there is a baroreceptor reflex to regulate blood pressure, how is it possible for blood pressure to remain elevated in individuals diagnosed with chronic hypertension? High blood pressure directly damages the smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels so that it no longer responds normally to neural and hormonal regulation. Baroreceptors adapt to the higher blood pressure, down-regulating their response. Heart muscle hypertrophies in these cases, producing higher stroke volume and higher cardiac output, which maintains the higher blood pressure. Repeatedly elevating blood pressure permanently damages baroreceptors so that they no longer trigger the homeostatic reflex to return blood pressure to normal.

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located? cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems carotid sinus and aortic arch

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)? decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity increased PNS and SNS activity

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? a decrease in blood pressure a decrease in cardiac output vasodilation of arteries an increase in heart rate and contractility

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? a decrease in heart rate an increase in heart contractility a decrease in cardiac output vasodilation of arterioles

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. blood pressure proteins in the blood

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. interstitial fluid; capillary capillary; interstitial fluid

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? 1 mm Hg 12 mm Hg 34 mm Hg

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. proteins in the blood blood pressure

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? net osmotic pressure net hydrostatic pressure

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? venous arterial