Ch 1.7

Spiral

Explanation: geometric progression.The Golden Section is a mathematical proportion that is often found in nature and in works of art. It is also known as the Golden Ratio. A rectangle whose sides are in the proportion of the Golden Section is said to be a Golden Rectangle. Golden Rectangles can be nested inside each other to create an elegant geometric progression.

Golden Section

Explanation: In mathematics, the golden ratio is a number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric figures such as the pentagon, pentagram, decagon and dodecahedron. It is represented by the Greek letter φ (phi). The golden ratio is also called the golden mean or golden section. Other names include extreme and mean ratio, medial section, golden proportion, golden cut, and golden number.The golden ratio is an irrational number with a value of approximately 1.618. It is often represented using the Greek letter φ (phi). The golden ratio has been used throughout history in architecture, art, and design. The golden ratio is also found in nature, in the spiral arrangement of leaves and petals on a plant.

Proportions

Explanation: proportionsProportion is the size, amount, or degree of one thing in relation to another. In other words, it is the relationship between two or more things in terms of size, quantity, or degree. In terms of art, proportion is the relationship between the different parts of a work of art in terms of size, quantity, or degree. For example, the proportions of a painting can be affected by the size of the canvas, the amount of paint used, the brushstrokes, etc.

Hierarchical scale

Explanation: An artist might use scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition by making some elements larger or smaller than others. This can help to create a sense of hierarchy or importance within the composition. It can also be used to create visual interest or variety, or to emphasize certain elements over others.

distorted

Explanation: Surrealistic artists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences. This might involve making an object appear much larger or smaller than it actually is, or placing it in an unlikely context. This can create a sense of unease or disorientation, and force the viewer to re-evaluate their perceptions.

Intimacy

Explanation: an intimate relationship.An artist might use a small scale for a portrait of a lover because it implies an intimate relationship. A small scale portrait is usually more intimate because it is a close up view of the person. It is as if the artist is looking at the person from a close distance, which creates a more personal feel to the portrait.

head

Explanation: The ancient Greek sculptor who created the bronze known as Poseidon used this part of the body as a standard unit for proportional measurement in the work. The foot was used as a unit of measurement in ancient Greece, and the sculptor used this unit of measurement to create a work of art that was in proportion to the human body.

palm

Explanation: In ancient Egypt, the human body was used as a standard of measurement. The most common unit of measurement was the cubit, which was based on the length of the arm from the elbow to the fingertips.

Renaissance

Explanation: The Renaissance was a period from the 14th to the 17th century, produced many great artists. It was considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history. The Renaissance was a time of great creativity in art, music, literature, and science. In art, the Renaissance is known for its realistic style, as opposed to the more stylized art of the Middle Ages. Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are two of the most famous artists of the Renaissance. In music, the Renaissance saw the development of new musical styles, such as the madrigal, and the growth of music printing, which made music more accessible to the public. In literature, the Renaissance was marked by the rise of the vernacular languages, as opposed to Latin, and by the growth of humanism, a philosophical movement that emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual. In science, the Renaissance saw the development of new theories in astronomy and physics, and the discovery of new continents, such as America.

Enlightenment

Explanation: The Enlightenment was a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. The Enlightenment thinkers believed that reason could be used to challenge traditional ideas and institutions, and that progress was possible. They believed in the power of the individual to reason and to make decisions for oneself. They also believed in the rights of individuals to life, liberty, and happiness.