History Quiz: The Renaissance Begins

31 August 2022
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Renaissance
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A great flowering of culture based on Classical Greek and roman ideas and art that began in Italy in the late Middle Ages.
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Classical art
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Art influenced by the styles and techniques of Ancient Greece and Rome
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Currency
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Form of money used in a country
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City-State
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An independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory
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Republic
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A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to rule for them
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Doge
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The doge, or duke, controlled the day-to-day activities of the city
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Secular
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Relating to earthly life rather than to religious or spiritual matters
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Medici
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A family who ruled Florence
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Humanism
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A philosophy that tries to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society
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Emphasis
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Special importance
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Humanities
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Collectively areas of study that focused on human life and culture such as history, literature, and ethics
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Individualism
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The belief of the importance of an individual's achievements and dignity
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Contrast
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A strong difference between two or more things
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Florence
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An Italian city-state leading as a culture center during the renaissance
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Duomo
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An Italian cathedral
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Where did the Black Death originate?How did it spread to Europe?
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It originated from Central Asia, probably China. It spread from infected fleas that lived on rats which went through the silk roads.
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What were the effects of the Black Death?
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Peasants bought more rights and fair pay because there were less serfs because of the plaque. They got to go into town because of their money.
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What contributed to this new way of thinking in Europe?
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Humanism- The belief that man has beauty, worth, and dignity The decline of the power of the Catholic Church led to the growth of Humanism. The Black death led to the Catholic Church in declining. Another reason why the church decline was because the economy rose and they are focusing more on city states and trade and commerce. All this took place in the city states.
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What three geographic factors contributed to the renaissance?
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Italy was in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea as a peninsula - It was close to the Silk Road - The crusaders brought back goods and trade to Italy - Marco Polo brought back a book about China
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Why is Florence considered "the cradle" of the Renaissance?
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Florence is considered "the cradle" because that's were the Renaissance began.
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What is another word for Renaissance? Why was this term used?
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Means Rebirth; there was a 'rebirth' of arts and sciences during this time. Emphasis on this life rather than the afterlife.
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How long did the Renaissance last?
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Lasted from 1350 until 1600
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What was the Renaissance the rebirth of?
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It was a rebirth of interests in classical (Ancient Greek & Roman) Art, literature, writing, and learning
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Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
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Development of Italian City-States (e.g. Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan, and Rome)
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Where was Italy near?
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Close to Byzantine empire (close to old trade routes established by Constantinople) ---- reopening of the silk rode
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Who was Marco Polo? And what did he bring back?
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Marco Polo (an Italian) brought back stories of Chinese goods
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Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
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The Renaissance began in the Italian city-states because they had the wealth from the commerce and trade of the Middle Ages. For some time, Venice had outfitted the crusaders and was the conduit for the silk and spice trade from India and China.
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Italian city states
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- The Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy - Started by a family called the Medici - Florence was ruled by the powerful Medici family
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Who was the Medici family?
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- The Medici's allowed the ideas of humanism to spread through Florence - Lorenzo "the Magnificant": Medici (the most famous of the medici's) used the money to patron artists, architects, and writers. - Was a "Renaissance Man" - excelled at many things (poet, banker, artist)
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Italian City- States: Rome
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- The renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s - Pope controlled Rome and the Papal States - The popes were patrons to many different artists to decorate the palaces and churches
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Italian City-States: Venice
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- Venice had a monopoly over the trade with Asia- made Venice $$$$$$ - Venice was the wealthiest Italian-City state in the renaissance - Made fortune by shipbuilding and trade - Venice had a republican form of government, headed by a Dodge - The doge, or duke, controlled the day-to-day activities of the city
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Authorized
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Having official permission or approval: an authorized dealer authorized access to the computer.
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Dante Aligheri
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A great Italian author of the Renaissance who wrote "The Divine Comedy".
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New world
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The name given by Europeans to the Americans, which we unknown to most of Europeans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
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William Shakespeare
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An English Renaissance poet and play write whose plays show a deep understanding of human behavior. 1) Romeo and Juliet; 2) Macbeth; 3) Julius Caesar; 4) Hamlet; 5) Tempest; 6) Midsummer Night's Dream
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Miguel Cervantes
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The Spanish Renaissance author of the masterpiece Don Quixote.
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Don Quixote
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The hero of a romance by Cervantes, a satirical account of chivalric beliefs and conduct. The character Don Quixote is typified by a romantic vision and naive, unworldly idealism.
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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Italian painter, scientist, and engineer. His paintings are notable for their use of the technique of sfumato and include the Virgin of the Rocks, The Last Supper, and the Mona Lisa. He devoted himself to a wide range of other subjects from anatomy and biology to mechanics and hydraulics: his 19 notebooks include studies of the human circulatory system and plans for a type of aircraft and submarine.
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What is humanism and how was it the backbone of the Renaissance?
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Emphasis on humanity and the present life; studying, learning, enjoying--less of a focus on the next life and more a focus on this life. This concept was the backbone of the Renaissance because it allowed people to focus on enjoying their present lives and to spend their money on beautiful things (art, buildings, music, literature). Artists find support from wealthy merchants who pay them to make these works of art.
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How did the church's beliefs conflict with Renaissance beliefs?
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The church believed that humans should focus on religion and the afterlife. Things that brought pleasure should be limited to please God and humanists wanted to enjoy their lives with beautiful art, music, literature. Humanists want to spend their money of worldly objects and the church felt this was inappropriate behavior.
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How did the Renaissance spread throughout Europe?
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The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg allowed many more printed materials than before. The printed materials allowed these new humanist ideals to be spread much faster and with less expense than before. People were also able to read material in English rather than Latin which allowed them to learn and interpret ideas for themselves. This is another way the church lost power.
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Petrarch
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Poet and scholar; encouraged Europeans to look for Latin manuscript; built libraries throughout Europe and wanted people to think and write more.
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Machiavelli
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Italian writer famous for "The Prince". He wrote about the skills a leader should have such as: intelligence, boldness, good to be feared, maintain power, and ruthless.
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Sir Thomas More
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Wrote "utopia." Described a perfect, ideal world. Ruled by reason and logic, and promoted equal rights, tolerance and education. Paid a great price for his ideals.
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What is the "Divine Comedy" about?
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The Divine Comedy takes Dante on a journey through Heaven, Hell, and Paradise. In Hell, Dante is taken on a tour by Virgil through the many circles of hell where they discuss sins and their punishments. A great accomplishment of Italian literature.
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What is the Duomo and who designed it?
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The Duomo is a grand cathedral designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.
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Summary of Don Quixote
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DQ lived in a small town (La Mancha); While reading a book about a knight he decided to begin pretending he was a knight and told his servant (sancho) they needed to go on a journey. He hallucinates many adventures including fighting an army (a herd of men with sheep), fights monsters (windmills) who have captured the beautiful girl--gets hurt and goes back home--and reads another book and thinks he has to go on another journey.
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What are the differences between Medieval and Renaissance art?
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Medieval art was flat (2D) and focused on religious subjects with very little use of light and shadow. Also, colors are subdued and lots of gold used. Renaissance art was classically influenced and focused on individuals. It contained perspective and much more realistic figures showing emotions (could be clothed or nude). Renaissance art tried to be as realistic as possible with warm, rich colors.
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What is perspective?
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Perspective shows depth and shadows. Three-dimensional artworks (not flat); difference between foreground and background
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What is fresco?
What is fresco?
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When paint is combined with wet plaster to be added directly onto walls.
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Why were oil painting an improvement over older styles?
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Oils come in greater color variety, and the oils dry more slowly allowing more layers and combinations to be made.
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Donatello
Donatello
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The David
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Leonardo Da Vinci - artworks
Leonardo Da Vinci - artworks
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The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa
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Botticelli
Botticelli
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The Birth of Venus
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Michelangelo - artworks
Michelangelo - artworks
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The David
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Michelangelo - artworks 2
Michelangelo - artworks 2
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Pieta
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Michelangelo - artworks 3
Michelangelo - artworks 3
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Moses
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Michelangelo - artworks 4
Michelangelo - artworks 4
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Sistine Chapel
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Raphael
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School of Athens - focuses on Plato and Aristotle who are debating the way government should work
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Jan van Eyck
Jan van Eyck
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Arnolfini Wedding - Northern Renaissance Painting
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Why were the Medici's beloved by the people of Florence?
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They were just and fair rulers. They provided money to the arts to make Florence beautiful.
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What are patrons of the arts?
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Individuals who provide money, shelter, etc. to artists to create works of art.
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What are the 'Classics'?
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Ancient Greek and Roman art, literature, writing, and learning.