Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system?
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Spiders
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Which component is not found in all circulatory systems?
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Open cavity that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood
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Which artery supplies the frog's head with oxygenated blood?
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Carotid arch
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Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left side of the ventricle?
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Pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit
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True or false. In frogs, blood flows through the pulmocutaneous circuit between the heart and the lungs and skin and through the systemic circuit between the heart and the rest of the body.
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True
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Which of the following statements best describes "deoxygenated" blood?
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Has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues
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Which of the following statements about blood circulation in fish is true?
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Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time
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True or false. At the systemic capillary beds in fish, oxygen is released to the cells, which pass carbon dioxide to the blood; this carbon dioxide will eventually be released from the fish at the gill capillary bed.
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True
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Which of the following statements about blood circulation in humans is true?
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Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles
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True or false? The circulatory system of humans is composed of two loops: the systemic circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body.
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False
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Blood returns to the heart via the _____.
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Pulmonary veins
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From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.
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Left atrium
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From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.
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Right atrium
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From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.
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Inferior vena cava
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A respiratory surface is
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usually a thin, moist layer of cells that provides a large surface area for gas exchange
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Diffusion
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Allows for gas exchange between an organism and its environment
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Earthworms are skinbreathers, meaning
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their entire outer body surface functions in gas exchange
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Tracheal systems
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Respiratory structures of insects
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During inhalation
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the diaphragm and rib muscles contract
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From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?
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Alveoli
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Which statement is correct?
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In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.
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After blood becomes oxygenated,
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it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.
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Hemoglobin
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is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.
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Voice sounds are produced by the
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larynx
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The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air.
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Nasal cavity
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Circulatory system
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transports substances to all cells of the body.
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Respiratory system
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serves to exchange gases with the environment.
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Alveoli
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Tiny sacs in the lungs involved in gas exchange
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Oxygen
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is inhaled and transported to the cells of the body; it is required for normal cellular function.
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Which of the following is an example of how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?
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Oxygen from the air we breathe is transported to skin cells by the blood.
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Which of the following statements about the interactions between the circulatory and respiratory systems is/are true? Select all that apply.
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The ability of oxygen to be carried in the blood is largely mediated by the presence of the protein hemoglobin.
The interactions between alveoli and capillaries allow for gas exchange to occur.
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Which of the following molecules is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
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Oxygen
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Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____.
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as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
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By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____.
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Acidic
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In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____.
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combined with hemoglobin
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Carnivores
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Animals that mostly eat other animals
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Herbivores
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Animals that mostly eat plants or algae
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Filter or suspension feeders
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Aquatic animals that filter small food items from the water
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Substrate feeders
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Animals that live in or on their food source and eat their way through their food
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Fluid feeders
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Animals that suck nutrient-rich liquids from an animal or plant host
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Bulk feeders
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Animals that ingest their food whole or by the piece
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When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.
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Amino acids
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When digested, fats are broken down into _____.
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Glycerol and fatty acids
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Starch is a type of _____.
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Polysaccharide
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Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested.
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Fructoses
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Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch?
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Amylase
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Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.
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Maltose
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Protein digestion begins in the _____.
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Stomach
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What is the main component of gastric juice?
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Water
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_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.
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Bile, liver, fats, small intestine
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What acid is responsible for stomach acidity?
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Hydrochloric acid
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The function of bile salts is to _____.
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Emulsify fats- prevent them from clumping together
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Why should we not view lactose intolerance as a disease in adult humans?
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Adult humans did not consume dairy products until fairly recently in our evolutionary history.
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Why is the enzyme lactase necessary to digest dairy products?
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Lactase breaks down lactose into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the cells that line the small intestine.
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How do lactase supplements help people who are lactose intolerant?
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The supplements provide the enzyme that breaks down the lactose in dairy products.
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Which organ gets first access to nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?
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Liver
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Three tissue layers during embryo stage of vertebrate
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Endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
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Zygote
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Diploid cell that results from fertilization
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Difference between unfertilized starfish egg and zygote
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Egg has distinct nucleus and nucleolus
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Function of yolk
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Supports growth of embryo
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What is a chicken egg shell made of?
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Calcium carbonate
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Function of egg shell
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Protection
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In roots the _____ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of _____ cells before entering the _____.
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Casparian strip, endodermis, xylem
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_____ provide(s) the major force for the movement of water and solutes from roots to leaves.
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Transpiration
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_____ bonds are responsible for the cohesion of water molecules.
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Hydrogen
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_____ cells are the cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, thus playing a role in regulating transpiration.
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Guard
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Cohesion
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The tendency of water molecules to stick to each other.
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Transpiration
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water is lost from plants by evaporation.
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Adhesion
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the tendency of water molecules to stick to the fibers of plant cell walls.
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Which of the following describes the correct order in which water moves through a plant and into the atmosphere?
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Root, xylem, leaf cells, air space inside leaves, outside air
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The function of a root hair is to
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increase the surface area available for absorption in plant roots.
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Which of the following allows plants to be selective about the molecules that enter the xylem?
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A waxy barrier in the plant root.
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