Mastering Bio Circulatory And Respiratory

Within an open circulatory system, such as that operating in insects,

In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? A grasshoppers B fishes C sparrows D dogs E jellyfish and cnidarians

Arteries carry blood _____. A away from capillaries B away from the heart and away from the lungs C to the heart and away from the lungs D to the heart only E away from the heart only

Blood returns to the heart via the _____. A aorta B pulmonary arteries C pulmonary veins D aorta and pulmonary arteries E aorta and pulmonary vein

Pulmonary veins

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. A right atrium B left atrium C aorta D capillaries of the lungs E posterior vena cava

Blood enters the left atrium via

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. A right atrium B left atrium C aorta D capillaries of the lungs E posterior vena cava

Blood enters the right atrium from the

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. A right atrium B left atrium C aorta D capillaries of the lungs E posterior vena cava

Circulatory systems compensate for A the problem of communication systems involving only the nervous system. B temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue. C the need to cushion animals from trauma. D the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances. E the need fetal organisms have for maintaining an optimal body temperature.

Which of the following best describes an artery? A Arteries contain valves. B Arteries carry oxygenated blood. C Arteries carry blood away from capillaries. D Arteries carry blood away from the heart. E Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.

Both arteries and veins are defined by

Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____. A capillaries of the lungs B capillaries of the abdominal organs C capillaries of the hind limbs D capillaries of the head and forelimbs E capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs

oxygen content of the blood is the greatest at the

the two places that oxygen leaves the blood are

blood vessel walls are the thinnest

blood pressure

blood pressure is highest

carbon dioxide leaves the blood

where is the heart beat initiated?

where does blood move the fastest?

oxygen enters the blood at

where does blood move the slowest?

where is blood pressure the lowest?

The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls. A aorta B capillaries C posterior vena cava D pulmonary artery E right ventricle

Most gas exchange with blood vessels occurs across the walls of the

double circulation

pulmonary vein

aorta

atrium (atria)

the right atrium receives

vena cava

the left atrium receives

what are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?

the left ventricle has the

what do valves (flaplike) prevent?

pulmonary circulation (right atrium) serves

systemic circulation (left atrium) serves

oxygenated (red) blood

deoxygenated (blue) blood

cardiac cycle

diastole

systole

the only veins that carry oxygenated blood

the contraction phase

the relaxation phase

diastolic blood pressure

systolic blood pressure

What is the function of a circulatory system? A It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. B It is the site of blood cell production. C It acts as a reservoir for the storage of blood. D It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside air.

Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? A Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body. B The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. C Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. D The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.

True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body

What is the function of the left ventricle? A It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs. B It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. C It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. D It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? A As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. B Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. C During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. D Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.

Which event occurs first during diastole? Which event occurs first during diastole? A The atria contract while blood flows into the relaxed ventricles. B The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. C The atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. D Blood flows into the relaxed atria while the ventricles contract.

Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured? A The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. B The atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. C The atria contract while blood flows into the relaxed ventricles. D The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria.

The semilunar valves of the mammalian heart The semilunar valves of the mammalian heart A prevent backflow of blood in the aorta and pulmonary arteries. B are the route by which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. C are found only on the right side of the heart. D are at the places where the anterior and posterior venae cavae empty into the heart. E are the attachment site where the pulmonary veins empty into the heart.

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta? A systole of the left ventricle B diastole of the right atrium C systole of the left atrium D diastole of the left atrium E diastole of the right ventricle

Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries? A Because the narrow capillaries offer great resistance to blood flow. B Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles. C Because capillary beds are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues.

Stroke occurs when _____. A a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue B the pacemaker of the heart becomes defective, producing an irregular heartbeat C a blood clot dislodges from a vein and moves into the lung, where it blocks a pulmonary artery D a blood clot enters and blocks one of the coronary arteries E the walls of an artery in the leg accumulate deposits and lose their flexibility and elasticity

What will be the long-term effect of blocking the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed? A the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small B the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas C fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid D an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed E more fluid entering the venous capillaries

where do the paths of food and air cross?

the alveoli is the location of the respiratory surface

the bronchiole is

Voice sounds are produced by the _____. A trachea B diaphragm C bronchioles D larynx E lungs

The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air. A lungs B trachea C bronchus D nasal cavity E alveoli

Cells need _____ to obtain energy through cellular respiration, and to get rid of the waste product_____

when you inhale, your diaphragm and rib muscles contract _________ the volume of your lungs; when you exhale your muscles relax and _____ the volume of the lungs

when the lungs expand

oxygen diffuses from the

carbon dioxide diffuses from the

oxygen diffuses into a red blood cell and binds to hemoglobin

oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria

carbon dioxide transportation options:

IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses

IN THE LUNGS carbon dioxide diffuses

Oxygen binding to hemoglobin:

Oxygen release from hemoglobin:

partial pressure of oxygen (PO2).

oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (O2 saturation).

____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. A An increase ... a rise B A decrease ... a drop C A decrease ... a rise D An increase ... a drop E Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide, that controls breathing.

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the A loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries. B increased diffusion of CO2. C increased diffusion of Hb. D loss of fluid from capillaries. e development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls.

osmotic pressure

capillary has cells, surrounded by endothelial layer

diffusion

capillary

interstitial fluid

cellular respiration

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. A as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) B combined with hemoglobin C by the trachea D as hydrogen ions (H+) E dissolved in blood plasma

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____. A, acidic B basic C thick D low in oxygen concentration E red

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____. A as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) B combined with hemoglobin C by the trachea D water (H2O) E dissolved in blood plasma