APUSH Terms Chapter 31

Huge deadly outbreak in the '70s started with gay men and was labeled the "gay plague" but soon began to affect drug users, hemophiliacs, and minorities. Expensive to treat, no cure. C Everett Koop caused government to spend 1.3 billion on AIDS assistance.

Preferential treatment to minorities (Nixon included women) so as to more fully utilize them in the workforce, combat ingrained prejudices, and right past injustices.

Ruled affirmative action quotas for diversity unconstitutional

Framework for Egypt-Israel peace negotiations, paved way for 1979 peace treaty

The military analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times

A relaxation of Cold War tensions through arms control and diplomatic negotiation. Headed by Nixon and Kissinger.

Watchdog for environmental concerns. Nixon established, passed Clean Air Act

Prohibited discrimination on basis of sex, ultimately not passed because it was too radical.

Political openness, included better relations with US

National security advisor in charge of détente, authority on international affairs. used practical, realistic perspective in negotiations

Robert MacFarlane? offered Iran antitank missiles for the release of hostages in Lebanon. They sold the missiles at an elevated cost to fund the Contra regime in Nicaragua. This was illegal and unconstitutional.

During Iranian Revolution, Pres. Carter allowed shah to be medically treated in US. Iranian mobs rose up and took the American embassy in Tehran and took 53 prisoners. Dragged on for a year.

Rioters at Kent State University protested the invasion of Cambodia. National Guard intervened and killed 4, wounded 11 innocents. Set off wave of campus protests.

Fundamentalist Christian Right group founded by Jerry Falwell committed to preserving "the American way of life."

Issue that the OPEC oil embargo caused. Oil prices skyrocketed, and people feared oil shortages. Nixon asked people to cut down on energy usage, and people investigated alternate energy sources like nuclear power. Caused massive inflation.

Arab alliance that was able to establish monopolistic economics and decreased oil supply until the Israeli-Palestine conflict was resolved (in favor of Palestine)

A terrorist organization that supported Pan-Arabism in the Middle East. Called for self determination and right of return for Palestine.

A Department of Defense history of US involvement in Vietnam. When leaked, they revealed that the Johnson administration had lied to the public and Congress about the war.

Restructuring Soviet economy supported by Gorbachev

1973 case that legalized abortion

Limited US and Russia to 200 ABMs, froze number of offensive ballistics for 5 years, recognized Soviet lead in missiles but strategic advantage to US. Symbolic first step to control of arms race.

Antimissile system using lasers and particle beams to destroy outer space missiles

Reagan's policy of tax cuts for the wealthy to advocate productive investment (30% cuts). Cut into many social services.

Limited presidential power to declare war without Congressional approval

Consequence of Nixon's paranoia. Nixon set up a covert surveillance office of "plumbers" to investigate leaks. Eventually went into sabotage of Democrats. Led to Nixon's resignation and jail terms for 5 "plumbers," as well as a House Judiciary Committee investigation.

Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel. Israelis had lead, but Nixon felt that an Israeli victory would further destabilize the Middle East and diplomatically intervened.