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c. proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit.

b. Office of Economic Opportunity

d. all of these (a. The Family Assistance Plan won approval by Congress. b. Affirmative Action was first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration. c. The Philadelphia Plan was supposed to have provided federal grants to repair cities' infrastructures.)

c. lead the court in a conservative direction.

a. The 1971 ruling Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education disallowed use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration.

a. the age at which Americans married increased and divorce rates rose.

d. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

a. Me

a. The Nixon administration supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile.

a. was the only war lost by the United States.

c. Democratic Party headquarters.

a. the CIA and FBI had engaged in abusive actions.

d. Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government.

d. all of these (a. In the early 1970s, many Americans had to wait in long lines to purchase gasoline. b. The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by stagnant economic growth and high inflation. c. Pres. Gerald Ford's policies failed to revive the economy.)

a. promised never to lie to Americans.

c. brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion.

a. human rights as a diplomatic priority.

d. Previous administrations had been silent about the regime's atrocities.

c. made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.

d. use military force, particularly in the Persian Gulf.

a. had to abandon his desire for peace in the Middle East.

d. all of these (a. Boycotting the Moscow Olympics and placing an embargo on grain exports to the Soviet Union b. Funneling aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan who fought a guerilla war against the Soviets c. Dramatically increasing American military spending)

b. insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government.

b. significantly increased in number as they became more vocal.

b. feared family values were being undermined.

d. all of these (a. The ERA passed Congress but failed ratification. b. Opponents of the ERA defined freedom for women as residing in the roles of wife and mother. c. Some who were against the ERA felt that women should not seek fulfillment outside the home)

d. The measure reduced funds for libraries, schools, and other services.

c. being free from government tyranny.

a. growing frustration over America's condition.

d. A radical feminist group

d. included cuts to government programs.

a. tax cuts and high interest rates.

c. Air traffic controllers

b. resulted in a rise in economic inequality.

a. Gilded Age.

c. wealthy, young urban professionals of the 1980s.

a. the first female candidate on a major-party presidential ticket.

a. initiated the largest military buildup in American history.

b. sent troops to Grenada and Lebanon.

b. sent funds to Iraq to support that country in its war with Iran.

a. with much less suspicion.

a) Lyndon Johnson. b) Gerald Ford. c) Ronald Reagan. d) Jimmy Carter. e) Richard Nixon.

a) found unconstitutional during the Nixon administration. b) mandated by law only for construction workers. c) implemented only in Philadelphia. d) never a priority during the Nixon administration. e) first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.

a) affirmative action was unconstitutional. b) racial quotas for college admissions were constitutional. c) fixed affirmative action quotas were unconstitutional. d) race could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions. e) gender could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions.

a) supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile. b) boycotted South Africa to protest apartheid. c) supported democratic reforms in Iran. d) continued to undermine Third World governments deemed unfriendly to the United States. e) focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia.

a) Taiwan. b) China. c) the Soviet Union. d) Cuba. e) North Vietnam.

a) became the first president to visit North Vietnam. b) signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks agreement. c) refused to sign the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. d) and Josef Stalin advocated détente. e) refused to visit China.

a) détente. b) Americanization. c) Vietnamization. d) massive retaliation. e) the New Look.

a) ceased bombings in Vietnam. b) successfully cut North Vietnamese supply routes. c) attempted to shift the burden of fighting to South Vietnamese soldiers. d) brought an immediate end to the war. e) brought an end to antiwar protest.

a) becoming the only war lost by the United States. b) as a military, political, and social victory for the United States. c) leaving very few Vietnamese casualties. d) leaving many Americans optimistic and sure of their country and its purpose. e) as a result of the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.

a) the psychiatrist Daniel Ellsburg's office. b) the Washington Post's headquarters. c) the Democratic Party headquarters. d) George McGovern's apartment. e) the Committee to Reelect the President's (CREEP's) headquarters.

a) declining oil prices. b) low inflation rates. c) stagnant economic growth and low inflation. d) stagnant economic growth and high inflation. e) high income tax rates.

a) was successful at reviving the American economy. b) introduced programs that encouraged growth in the manufacturing sector. c) reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. d) restored Americans' confidence in their nation, as business boomed. e) failed to revive the economy.

a) promised never to lie to Americans. b) pledged to pardon Richard Nixon. c) did not support affirmative action. d) was well connected within the Washington political scene. e) promised a return to American isolationism.

a) the need to fight communism around the world. b) the policy of containment. c) the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America. d) an increased military presence in Southeast Asia. e) human rights as a diplomatic priority.

a) Saudi Arabia b) Nicaragua c) El Salvador d) Iran e) Libya

a) was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. b) restored Americans' confidence in their nation c) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. d) made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept. e) ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords.

a) never intervene in the affairs of another nation. b) use military force, particularly in Southeast Asia. c) use military force, particularly in the Western Hemisphere. d) use military force, particularly in the Persian Gulf. e) use nuclear weapons only if attacked first.

a) continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. b) shifted their political rhetoric, insisting on more local control and resistance to the power of the federal government. c) employed the fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. d) made little progress. e) appealed primarily to urban Americans.

a) passed Congress but failed to achieve ratification by the required 38 states. b) passed Congress and was ratified by the required 38 states. c) had the support of all American women. d) had little support from American men. e) was supported by Phyllis Schlafly.

a) relieve men of their responsibilities in terms of child support and alimony payments. b) finally make women truly equal citizens, a goal set forth at Seneca Falls over a century before. c) be amended so as to exclude women from being drafted into the armed forces. d) not change anything, and so its ratification would mean nothing. e) elevate women to a superior class, allowing women to outnumber men in politics, professional jobs, and higher education programs within a decade.

a) banned discrimination in housing. b) ended affirmative action within higher education. c) was part of a nationwide tax revolt. d) raised taxes to cover budget deficits. e) banned Mexican immigration.

a) the end of conservatism. b) the validation of big government. c) a return to progressivism. d) growing frustration over America's condition. e) a referendum for the ERA.

a) included an emphasis on global human rights. b) introduced an expanded welfare state. c) strengthened the labor movement. d) included cuts to government programs and regulation e) had little appeal for most Americans.

a) tax cuts. b) high tariffs. c) government spending on welfare. d) empowering unions. e) increasing government regulations on industry.

a) expanded food stamps and school lunch programs. b) enlarged government revenue. c) decreased the national debt. d) strengthened labor unions. e) resulted in a rise in economic inequality.

a) Gilded Age. b) Progressive era. c) Era of Good Feelings. d) New Deal Society. e) industrial revolution.

a) opposed "authoritarian" noncommunist regimes. b) embraced Carter's emphasis on civil rights. c) decreased military spending. d) called for a halt to the development of nuclear weapons. e) vigorously denounced the Soviet Union during his first term and initiated the largest military buildup in American history.

a) as an evil empire. b) with great disdain. c) as an expansionist power. d) as a strong ally. e) with much less suspicion.

Richard Nixon.

residing in the roles of wife and mother.

growing frustration over America's condition.

they were strong supporters fo Roe v. Wade.

being free from government tyranny.

further increases in property taxes.

wealthy, young urban professionals of the 1980s.

and in response, an antiwar rally was held at Kent State University, during which four students were killed.

failed to revive the economy.

made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.