Apush Chapter 20

controversies including splitting debt, more fugitive slaves, etc.

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Colonel guarding Fort Sumter. Union army officer.

Calling of the troops, to seize the South's blockade.

in the civil war the states between the north and the south: delaware, mayland, kentucky, and missouri

The personification of the Union. Sort of the opposite of Johnny Reb.

Name for stereotypical Southern Soldier

The border states were the only ones not to succeed, and the North needed them to keep some of the south attached to the union.

A General for the confederates, fought many battles. One of his main plans towards the end of the civil war was to wait for a new president to come into office to make peace with. Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg.

An inspiration to his troops because of his outstanding bravery, he earned the nic-name Stonewall because held strong in battle.

North: The economy was the greatest strength, using up three fourths of the nations wealth. Also three fourths of the railroads, being able to cut off food supplies. South: They could fight defensively behind interior lines. "home field advantage"

cotton and cotton-growing considered, in the pre-Civil War South, as a vital commodity, the major factor not only in the economy but also in politics.

refers to the idea that wheat production exploded in America between 1860 and 1890; sales and exports of wheat became huge and hugely important to the American economy

monarchs of Northern agriculture-during war years the north had ideal weather while Britain had a series of bad harvests. Had the cheapest and most abundant supply

Britain had imported so much cotton from the South that they had surplus of cotton, and didn't need as much now.

Trent, Alabama. Britons neutrality being ignored by the union

A British Mail steamer was stopped by a union warship, and forcibly moved two confederate diplomats heading for Europe.

A ship built by the British. Not originally built to be a war ship but in 1862 the confederates gave it a crew and weapons. It captured over sixty union vessels before it accepted a challenge from a union cruiser in 1864 off the coast of France.

Two confederate warships being constructed in British shipyards, they were eventually seized by the British for British use to remain neutral in the Civil War.

Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, and elected emperor of France from 1852-1870, he invaded Mexico when the Mexican government couldn't repay loans from French bankers. He sent in an army and set up a new government under Maximillian. He refused Lincoln's request that France withdraw. After the Civil War, the U.S. sent an army to enforce the request and Napoleon withdrew.

French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead the new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers.

Laird Rams, Irish-americans invading Canada, etc..

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865

According to the compact theory of the Union the states retained all powers not specifically delegated to the central government by the Constitution.

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

Their constitution was the same as the Unions, leaving succeesion against the constitution, and their government had flaws considering it was new compared to the North's widely used government.

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

Lincoln increased the size of the American army, something congress could only do. Directed the secretary of state to raise money.

Due to lack of volunteers, Congress passed in 1863 a federal draft law. Men who were called in the draft could pay $300 in order to buy a replacement. The Confederacy also passed a draft law.

Men who enlisted in the Union army to collect the bounties offered by some districts to fill military quotas; these men would enlist and then desert as soon as they got their money

both the North and the South could pay for someone to fight in their place. wealthy plantation owners had most to gain in war and had the most to lose in the war. owned 20 or more slaves didn't have to fight

Tax paid to the state, federal, and local governments based on income earned over the past year.

1861 This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war.

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

Launched to stimulate the sale of government bonds and establish a standard banknote currency ("greenbacks") during the Civil War.

A general and progressive increase in prices

Inflation, national banking act, greenbacks

inferior wool products sold by Northern manufacturers looking to earn profit

A woman who challenging the taboo of professional women. She graduated from medical college, thereby proving that women are able to do what men can.

Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field.

Tireless reformer, who worked mightily to improve the treatment of the mentally ill. Appointed superintendant of women nurses for the Union forces.

the north stopped becoming dependent on 'king cotton' and they started exporting wheat and corn

King cotton failed, which was the only economic support.