APUSH 8.3

Eisenhower FP that emphasized reliance on strategic nuclear weapons to deter potential threats, both conventional and nuclear, from the Eastern Bloc of nations headed by the Soviet Union

The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "this" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy.

The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war. Policy of both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. during the Cold War.

USSR and US conferring on peace in 1955, couldn't agree on demilitarization or Open Skies but suspended nuclear tests

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

American ally in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963; his repressive regime caused the Communist Viet Cong to thrive in the South and required increasing American military aid to stop a Communist takeover. he was killed in a coup in 1963. Strongly opposed communism.

Stalin's successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved. Backed down in Cuban Missile Crisis.

He engineered a revolution in Cuba in 1959. He denounced the imperialists and took valuable American property for a land-distribution program. When the U.S. cut off U.S. imports of Cuban sugar, Castro took more U.S. land and resulting from that his dictatorship became similar to Stalin's in Russia. (Communism in the Western Hemisphere)

was the overthrow of the democratically elected government of Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh orchestrated by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom and the United States??????????/

(1953) The British and the CIA reinstate the Shah of Iran in order to protect oil interests after the Iranians tried to nationalize their oil. Ist CIA activity.

Military coup against dictatorship?????????????

U.S proposed superpowers agree to open aerial photography by the opposing nation in order to elminate chance of nuclear attack. soviets rejected at Geneva

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

Eisenhower's secretary of state, 1953-1959; moralistic in his belief that Communism was evil and must be confronted with "brinkmanship" (the readiness and willingness to go to war) and "massive retaliation" (the threat of using nuclear weapons).

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are prominent members

A city in Northwestern Vietnam. Home to the battle of Diebienphu, which was fought between pro-communist Vietnamese and Democratic United Sates and France. This battle lead to the leave of the French, and Vietnam divided into two. Communist North Vietnam lead by victorious Ho Chi Minh, and pro-Western government South Vietnam lead by Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon. Vietnam remained a dangerously divided country. (pg. 919)

It pledged US military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by Communist aggression

After the Russian satellite "Sputnik" was successfully launched, there was a critical comparison of the Russian to the American education system. The American education system was already seen as too easygoing. So in 1958 Congress made the NDEA, authorizing $887 million in loans to needy college students and in grants for the purpose of improving the teaching of the sciences and languages.

This took place in 1959 and was the second of the treaties between the US and USSR. The leaders spoke of peaceful coexistence and if possible, mutual disarmament, but this diplomacy ended with the U-2 incident.

was a famous discussion between Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev. It signaled that the U.S acknowledged their setback in technology since Nixon focused on technological luxuries.

The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Formed to create satellites and missiles to compete with the USSR after Sputnik.