AP World Chapter 13

According to Procopius, two sixth century Christian monks undertook an elaborate smuggling operation to provide Byzantium with the knowledge to produce a. steel. b. iron. c. ceramics. d. gunpowder. e. silk. (p. 314)

The only classical society that survived in the centuries after 400 C.E. was the a. Han dynasty. b. Byzantine Empire. c. Hellenistic Empire. d. Mauryan dynasty. e. Achaemenid dynasty. (p. 314)

Byzantium's major advantage was a. its position as the greatest trading center of the Greek world. b. its huge army. c. its strategic position on the Bosporus. d. its magnificent library, which contained the cultural treasures of the Hellenistic world. e. its status as the most populous city in the Mediterranean basin. (p. 314)

Which of the following statements about Constantinople is not true? a. It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman Empire. b. It was constructed by Constantine. c. It allowed the imperial court to keep watch on the Sasanid Empire in Persia. d. It was built because the eastern half was the wealthier and more productive part of the empire. e. It allowed the imperial court to keep watch on Germanic tribes on the Danube. (p. 314)

Which part of the Mediterranean basin was never part of the Byzantine Empire? a. Anatolia b. Greece c. Italy d. Spain e. Arabia (p. 315)

Up through the eighth century, the chief foreign threat to the eastern Roman Empire was a. the resurgence of power by the Ptolemies in Egypt. b. the Germanic tribes. c. the Guptas in India. d. the Sasanid emperors. e. neo-Greek military generals. (p. 315)

The most important political feature of the Byzantine state was a. its docile acceptance of Rome's superiority. b. its republican governmental structure that resembled early Rome. c. its tightly centralized rule under a powerful emperor. d. its division of power under the tetrarchs. e. its reliance on Achaemenid ruling principles. (p. 316)

The mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors is known as a. Byzantine. b. caesaropapism. c. Corpus iuris civilis. d. secularism. e. divine right rule. (p. 316)

The adjective byzantine, drawn from the government of Byzantium, stands for a. an immensely powerful imperial system. b. a legalistic tradition. c. divine sanction. d. unnecessary complexity and convolution. e. an organization that is simple and streamlined. (p. 316)

Hagia Sophia was a. the wife of Justinian who proved to be a wise adviser. b. the magnificent church at Constantinople. c. the legal foundation for Justinian's Code. d. Justinian's most dangerous political enemy. e. the central trading city on the silk roads. (p. 317)

Justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was a. his reconquest of the western half of the Roman Empire. b. his democratic reforms. c. his religious compromise between the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches. d. his codification of Roman law. e. his establishment of a lasting peace with the Islamic world. (p. 317)

Justinian's issuance of the Corpus iuris civilis a. won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law. b. outlawed the Greens and Blues. c. brought immediate excommunication from the pope. d. inspired the First Crusade. e. was immediately recognized as the greatest literary feat in Byzantine history. (p. 317)

Constantinople withstood sieges in 674-678 and 717-718 by a. the Sasanids. b. the Gauls. c. the Russians. d. the Greeks. e. Arabic forces. (p. 319)

The term Greek fire refers to a. the devastating fire that swept through Constantinople in 1013. b. the passionate Byzantine loyalty to Greek philosophy. c. the smallpox epidemic that hit Constantinople in the twelfth century. d. the Byzantine incendiary weapon. e. the nickname given to Justinian's brilliant general, Belisarius. (p. 319)

The wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was a. Belisarius. b. Livia. c. Hagia Sophia. d. Theodora. e. Olympia. (p. 317)

A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to the Frankish king, a. Otto of Saxony. b. Charlemagne. c. Basil II. d. Cyril. e. Hugh Capet. (p. 321)

The theme system a. weakened the peasantry by taking their land away. b. made land available to the peasants in return for military service. c. led to the break between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches. d. limited the religious authority of the Byzantine emperors. e. was the foundation of the Byzantine educational structure. (p. 322)

By the late sixth century, Byzantium became the Mediterranean world's leading producer of a. silk. b. cotton. c. tobacco. d. gold. e. steel. (p. 322)

The bezant a. was the hereditary line of priests that dominated the Byzantine religious and social worlds. b. headed the Byzantine banking industry. c. was the Byzantine gold coin that became the standard currency in the Mediterranean basin. d. was one of the two main factions inside Constantinople. e. was the Byzantine class of nobles who blocked imperial centralization. (p. 323)

From the sixth century on, the official language of Constantinople was a. Latin. b. Turkish. c. Aramaic. d. Greek. e. French. (p. 326)

The main factions during Justinian's time who contested in the Hippodrome and who occasionally fought in the streets were a. the Greens and Blues. b. the Greeks and Romans. c. the Greeks and Turks. d. the Bezant and Theme. e. gladiators and slaves. (p. 326)

Which of the following describes education in Byzantium? a. Byzantium fell far short of the standards set in the western half of the empire. b. Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantine society. c. Byzantium struggled because of the lack of a written language. d. Only the members of the central court could read and write. e. Byzantium made tremendous strides after its conquest of the Arabic world. (p. 327)

Emperor Leo III inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of a. caesaropapism. b. iconoclasm. c. insisting that the patriarch of Constantinople was superior to the pope in Rome. d. venerating religious icons. e. translating the Bible into German. (p. 328)

In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople a. met at the Council of Milan to settle old differences. b. mutually excommunicated each other. c. agreed on a joint plan to bring Christianity to Russia. d. jointly called for a new crusade. e. agreed on a highly controversial plan to eliminate the Protestants. (p. 331)

The Fourth Crusade, in early 1204, a. recaptured Jerusalem from the Muslims. b. suffered a disastrous defeat at the gates of Jerusalem. c. is also known as the "children's crusade." d. sacked Constantinople and caused extreme harm to the Byzantine Empire. e. was captured and all the crusaders converted to Islam. (p. 333)

Constantinople finally fell in 1453 to the a. Saljuq Turks. b. Sasanids. c. Mongols. d. combined armies of the English, French, and Germans. e. Ottoman Turks. (p. 334)

Saints Methodius and Cyril a. converted the Slavic lands to Roman Catholicism. b. devised the Cyrillic alphabet. c. were responsible for a compromise between the Roman Catholic and Russia Orthodox churches. d. died while on a mission to spread the faith to Africa. e. were highly influential "pillar saints." (p. 335)

What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople, was most important in the early rise of Russia? a. Moscow b. St. Petersburg c. Kiev d. Moravia e. Manzikert (p. 336)

The rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of a. Prince Vladimir. b. Peter the Great. c. Justinian. d. Ivan III. e. Catherine the Great. (p. 336)

By the sixteenth century, Russians had begun to think of Moscow as a. the most important trading center in eastern Europe. b. the mightiest military center in the world. c. the third Rome. d. the last true bastion of Roman Catholicism. e. the new Athens. (p. 336)