Question 1

Rome was a crucial factor in the European civilization because:

Accepted Answer

Rome connected Europe to the cultural heritage of the Near East.

Question 2

The Romans were a military society from the start of their settlement because:

Accepted Answer

They were continually forced to defend their own conquests from invaders.

Question 3

The myth of the rape of Lucretia appealed to Roman patriotism by emphasizing:

Accepted Answer

The corruption of Etruscan morals and government.

Question 4

The division between Roman patricians and plebeians was:

Accepted Answer

Between the wealthiest (2%) and the rest (98%) of the people.

Question 5

The Twelve tables of Law, approved in 450 BC represent:

Accepted Answer

The codification of existing laws for all to see and obey.

Question 6

In the early Roman Republic, Rome was technically a democracy, but:

Accepted Answer

The Roman constitution essentially ensured oligarchic rule.

Question 7

Traditional Roman religion included ancestor worship and:

Accepted Answer

Oligarchs who played dual roles as priests and politicians.

Question 8

The greatest honor a Roman could hope to achieve was:

Accepted Answer

To sacrifice himself, his family, and his friends for the state.

Question 9

Why did the Romans regard Carthage as a threat:

Accepted Answer

The Carthaginian Empire in Sicily and Spain was encroaching on Rome.

Question 10

One consequence of Rome's military conquests was the increased role in society played by:

Accepted Answer

Slaves.

Question 11

Changes in the Roman law of marriage in the 2nd century meant that:

Accepted Answer

Wives retained control of their property, guaranteeing them more independence.

Question 12

The greatest Roman stoic, Cicero, believed that:

Accepted Answer

Virtue leads to happiness and peace of mind is the highest goal.

Question 13

Social tensions in Rome were made worse by:

Accepted Answer

The socioeconomic and political divisions of senators, equestrians, commoners, and slaves.

Question 14

Who had been appointed as Dictator for Life before Julius Caesar?

Accepted Answer

Sulla.

Question 15

When Julius Caesar adopted Octavian as his heir:

Accepted Answer

Octavian had to fight his rivals and kill his republican opponents.

Question 16

The suicide of Cleopatra, VII:

Accepted Answer

Meant that Egypt became a Roman providence.

Question 17

The Augustan system of government:

Accepted Answer

Is referred to as the Principate.

Question 18

Of all the emperors who added the most geography to the empire?

Accepted Answer

Augustus.

Question 19

Pax Romana refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Long period in which there were no major wars in the empire.

Question 20

Although many emperors followed Augustus, arguably the worst and vilest was:

Accepted Answer

Caligula.

Question 21

The Golden Age in Roman literature refers to the literature produced under the reign of:

Accepted Answer

Augustus.

Question 22

The Romans were the first people to use __________ on a massive scale in their buildings:

Accepted Answer

Concrete.

Question 23

The Romans were able to support cities with large populations due, in no small measure to the:

Accepted Answer

Aqueducts that supplied fresh potable water in the cities.

Question 24

As seen in the life of Perpetua, Christianity challenged the traditional Roman values of :

Accepted Answer

Obedience to the Roman gods and one's ancestors.

Question 25

According to the discipline of history, faiths:

Accepted Answer

Are the products of historical processes.

Question 26

The gospel accounts of Jesus's life:

Accepted Answer

Were probably written between 70 and 100 AD.

Question 27

The Dead Sea Scrolls have helped historians to understand the religious climate of the 1st century AD, by:

Accepted Answer

Demonstrating the diversity of Jewish religious practice and belief.

Question 28

Jesus's emphasis on the ethical requirements of the law encouraged his followers to:

Accepted Answer

Deemphasize traditional Jewish purity laws.

Question 29

Jesus is the central figure in Christianity but Paul was important:

Accepted Answer

As founder of the universal church, giving it theology and organization.

Question 30

The 3rd century Roman borders were:

Accepted Answer

Porous and thus more symbolic than actual.

Question 31

Realizing the empire was too large for single rule.

Accepted Answer

Diocletian divided the empire in half, with a co-emperor in the west.

Question 32

In order to ensure that armies no longer had the power to choose emperors, Diocletian:

Accepted Answer

Severed military and political chains of command, making it difficult for armies to influence politics.

Question 33

Though Constantine I officially Christianity, before him:

Accepted Answer

It had diffuse and unregulated faith orthodoxies.

Question 34

What point was in dispute between the Arians and the Anthanasian orthodox Christians.

Accepted Answer

Whether Jesus was of the same being and substance as God the Father.

Question 35

By the end of the 3rd century, women's role in the church had:

Accepted Answer

Shrunk to the point they were completely excluded from all positions of power.

Question 36

The Christian use of the term Pagan for non-Christians is indicative of its:

Accepted Answer

Urban origin.

Question 37

The traditional date for the fall of the Roman Empire is:

Accepted Answer

476 AD, Odovacar topples Romulus Augustus.

Question 38

Who was the first of the Christian leaders to suggest that pagan traditions should be studied and adapted to Christian aims:

Accepted Answer

Jerome.

Question 39

Benedict's monastic rule differed from Basil's rule:

Accepted Answer

Because it was less austere and more moderate concerning monastic rule.

Question 40

Why did Justinian try to reconquer the Western Roman Empire?

Accepted Answer

Because he personally sought to reconstitute the old Empire.

Question 41

It is difficult to date the beginning of the Byzantine history because:

Accepted Answer

The Byzantine Empire was the uninterrupted heir to the old Roman Empire.

Question 42

The word Islam means:

Accepted Answer

Submission.

Question 43

In comparison to the Umayyad, the Abbasid caliphate:

Accepted Answer

Adopted more of the style of Persian absolutism.

Question 44

The Shi'ite claim to legitimacy rests on the direct connection to Muhammad through his daughter:

Accepted Answer

Fatima.

Question 45

Within Islam, social mobility was encouraged because of:

Accepted Answer

The teachings of Muhammad who stressed the equality of all Muslim men.

Question 46

Why were so many convents founded during the 7th century AD?

Accepted Answer

Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for aristocratic families.

Question 47

A long term result of Boniface anointing Pepin on behalf of the papacy was that:

Accepted Answer

The efficacy of the king was theoretically limited.

Question 48

____________ is a Latin term for a strong sense of belonging culturally and civilly.

Accepted Answer

Romanitas.

Question 49

The _________ constructed the Via Sacre Sacred Way.

Accepted Answer

Etruscans.

Question 50

____________: imperial power over the state.

Accepted Answer

Imperium.

Question 51

Punic is Latin for:

Accepted Answer

Phoenician.

Question 52

This Carthaginian General dominated the 2nd Punic War.

Accepted Answer

Hannibal.

Question 53

Who did the Triumvirate consist of:

Accepted Answer

Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.

Question 54

Another name for the Curiales:

Accepted Answer

Urban Middle Class.

Question 55

What was the importance of Constantine's victory at Milvian Bridge?

Accepted Answer

Christianity became a tolerable religion.

Question 56

Late Antiquity is defined:

Accepted Answer

As the triumph of the Christian Church.

Question 57

Athanasius promoted ___________and Arius promoted ____________.

Accepted Answer

Athanasius promoted:-the Holy Trinity, that Jesus is equal to God (Triumvirate equality).Arius promoted:-Human Divinity of Christ; Jesus is not equal to God (Nicene Creed).

Question 58

Who were the three early fathers of the Church and what is their significance?

Accepted Answer

-Jerome; who translated Greek and Hebrew into Latin.-Ambrose; defined functions and roles of the Church hierarchy-established Bishops higher than emperors because of the divine nature of their position.-Augustine; explained Christian Doctrine and explained the tough questions in formal and informal language.

Question 59

Who placed the Church on a sound financial footing?

Accepted Answer

Gregory I; also considered the fourth father of the church.

Question 60

List and define the sources of how we know the teachings of Islam.

Accepted Answer

a.) The Qu'ran-Scriptures of Islamb.) The Hadith-Sayings of the Prophetc.) The Sunna-The good practice-Muhammad's practice.

Question 61

List and define the 5 Pillars of Islam:

Accepted Answer

1.) Faith of surrender - process the faith; no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet. 2.) Fasting - especially during Ramadan; the idea is emptying oneself for religious discipline3.) Prayer - five times a day facing Mecca and if possible in a Mosque of Friday4.) Alms - one must be generous to the poor; building a responsible community faith5.) Hajj or pilgrimage - if at all possible a true devout Muslim will make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during one's life.

Question 62

According to lecture, what is the biggest difference between the Shiite and Sunnis?

Accepted Answer

Only true descendants of Ali could be admitted into the faith.

Question 63

What are the five steps Charlemagne took to ensure a competent Carolingian empire?

Accepted Answer

1.) Aristocracy dependent upon King; basis for army and leaders. Limits local autonomy. 2.) Created a Carolingian Civil Service3.) Issued capitularies; established the Miss, Dominic. 4.) Established common currency based on Muslim coinage to encourage trade and economic uniformity.5.) Professionalized the Army; made it a standing army.

Question 64

What were Charlemagne's religious reforms?

Accepted Answer

a.) Appointed and deposed bishopsb.) Changed library of Frankish church c.) Reformed rules of worshipd.) Prohibited pagan observancese.) The peasant tithe to church was enforced.

Western Civilization I-Exam II

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