It connected Roman history to the heroic narrative of the Trojan War
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Prior to the establishment of Rome as a dominant state in Italy it was:
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The Etruscans (the skilled metal workers) who lived there.
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The geographic site of Rome had a lot of advantages. What was the biggest?
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The biggest advantage was that it was on a hill that protected them from their enemies.
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The legend that ended the Roman monarchy and created the founding of the republic was:
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The Rape of Lucretia
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In the early 5th century there was a Plebian rebellion. What was the result?
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The result was that the Patricians accepted the tribunes and written laws.
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The Plebian's 12 tables are important because:
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It was a codification of existing laws for all to see and obey.
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Why did the Romans regard Carthage as a threat?
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Because they had the strongest navy and the Mediterranean controlled vast resources in different colonies.
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During the Second Punic War:
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Hannibal brought his entire army (including elephants) over the alps.
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After Rome defeated Carthage twice:
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A Third Punic War marked the breaching of the wall of Carthage, where all the citizens were butchered and the survivors were sold into slavery. (Cato thought Carthage must be destroyed).
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Julius Caesar adopted Octavian as his heir but:
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Octavian had to fight his rivals and kill his republican opponents.
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Although the Roman Republic had greatly increased the territory ruled by Rome:
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Under the emperors even more territory was added to the empire with Augustus adding more than any other ruler.
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Those who ruled Rome from 96 to 180 CE were called the "Five Good Emperors" because they:
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Were capable administrators who governed successfully.
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Pax Romana refers to the:
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200 years of relative peace.
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The Romans were the first to use:
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Concrete on a massive scale.
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One way that the Romans were able to maintain their empire was through:
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The system of roads throughout the empire.
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How were the Romans able to support large populations?
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The construction of a system of aqueducts allowed a steady supply of portable water to the cities.
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Roman law consisted of three branches that were called:
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Civil law, natural law, and law of the nations.
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By the third century, it became obvious that:
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Rome's western and eastern provinces could not be controlled by a single central government.
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The Dead Sea Scrolls have helped historians to understand the religious climate of the first century C.E. by:
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Demonstrating the diversity of Jewish religious practice and belief.
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New cultural influences in late antiquity included:
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The intellectual developments of the Islamic world. (Christianity, Byzantine Empire, and Islam)
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One of the problems of the 3rd century caused by Rome's expansion was the:
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-fact that the empire was no longer centered on Rome
-ever increasing number of people claiming Roman citizenship
-dispersal of resources to the far-flung provinces of the empire
-lack of defensible borders
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During the third century, Rome underwent a prolonged period that came very close to destroying the empire. This period is known as the time of the:
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'Barracks Emperors' when Rome had 26 emperors in about 50 years.
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The tetrarchy was the split of Rome into halves and the creation of:
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Anaugustus' in the West and in the East who were assisted and would be succeeded by the Caesars.
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Economic reforms introduced by the early fourth century Roman Empire included:
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Wage and price controls fixed by government.
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What were the general results of the doctrinal quarrels of the early centuries?
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The dogmas of the Christian Church gradually became fixed.
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One result of the Council of Nicea was to:
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- declare Arianism a heresy
- establish the validity of church councils
- establish a means of setting the biblical canon
- establish the close relationship between church and emperor
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Christianity went from being a persecuted faith in early 4th century to being the recognized faith of the empire, this last step was the result of the action by the emperor:
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Theodosius, who prohibited pagan worship.
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Rome was threatened in the mid-fifth century by the Huns under their leader:
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Attila and the huns.
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The traditional date for the fall of Rome is:
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476 CE
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Jerome's most lasting contribution to western Christian culture was:
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His translation of the bible into Latin.
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The monastic way of life in the west was influenced greatly by the establishment of a set of rules written by:
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Benedict
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The seventh century C.E. was a turning point in the history of western civilizations because:
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The Greco-Roman world of antiquity divided into Byzantine, Islamic and Latin Christian realms.
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It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:
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The Byzantine empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire.
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The stability of the Byzantine government was the product of:
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-Efficient bureaucracy
or
-Highly centralized government
-Predictable system of succession to the imperial throne
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The Iconoclastic Controversy of the eighty century C.E. was about the:
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Use or prohibition of images in church, where people might worship the objects. (Icons)
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The Byzantine church of Santa Sophia was influential in the history of architecture because it:
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Placed a massive dome on a building with a square shape.
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The word Islam means:
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Submission
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The Hijrah (Hegira) refers to the prophet Muhammad's move from:
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Mecca to Medina
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In their worship of Allah, Muslims worship:
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Muhammad
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The Qur'an contains:
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Revelations sent by God to Muhammad.
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The Shiite party arose among Muslims became:
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A dispute about the proper succession of caliphs in 7th century Arabia.
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Alcuin and his associates contributed significantly to literacy even until today by:
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Copying corrected versions of biblical texts and investing Carolingian miniscule script in the process.
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Which was the most significant event in creating Byzantine hostility toward the Latin Christian world?
answer
The Coronation of the Charlemagne as Roman emperor on Christmas Day, 800.
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Why did the Carolingian empire collapse during the ninth century?
answer
-Because of the structural limits of its expansion had been reached
-Because of Viking raids
-Because of the division of the empire among all legitimate heirs of Louis
-Because the Scandinavian trade system broke down
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The overall unity of the Muslim world disintegrated during the tenth and eleventh centuries because of:
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Ethnic tensions among Arabs, Turks, Berbers, and Persians. (Fractured political unity)
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One factor that contributed to the increase in agricultural output in the medieval period was:
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A rise in average temperature that allowed for a longer growing season.
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The rotation of crops:
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Spread labor evenly over the course of the year.
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The Christian Church condemned money lending as:
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Usurious
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William the conqueror was so politically innovative in that he:
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Used the highly centralized English administrative authority combined with the feudal structures of France.
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The term feudal comes from the Latin feudum, which refers to:
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"Fief" or "a gift that created a contractual relationship."
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In 1059, Pope Nicholas II issued a new decree on papal elections, which gave the power to elect future popes to the:
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College of Cardinals
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The compromise that ended the Investiture Conflict was known as the:
answer
Concordat of Worms
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The expansion of the Byzantine empire during the 10th and early 11th centuries was assisted by:
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Christian missionary activity in Russia and the Balkans.
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Why did Pope Urban II call for the first crusade?
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To regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
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One of the physicians in the Muslim world was known as:
answer
Avicenna
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One of the greatest scholars that contributed to the literary world was named:
answer
Moses Maimonides
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