World History: Unit 4

form of government where one person has absolute rule

a castrated human male used as an advisor or servant of a king

an increase in supply of currency or credit relative to the availability of goods, resulting in higher prices

the ruler of a quarter of a country or empire

the system where land was rented to tenants by a lord

Severus

Byzantium

internal civil wars economic disaster foreign invasions

Diocletian

the eunuchs the royal clans Confucian scholars

Three Kingdoms Period

REVIEW1a:ROME

-Civil war came about as more than twenty men laid claim to the position of emperor. -Repeated invasions from all directions resulted in the loss of much of the empire for a time. -The economy collapsed as a result of high inflation and the loss of foreign trade.

-Realizing the empire was too large for one man to govern; -Splitting the empire into two pieces-the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire; -Forming a Tetrarchy, which allowed for Roman rule by four people; -Taking back much of the land that had been lost.

The Western Roman Empire eventually fell to Germanic invaders in 476.

The Eastern Roman Empire was ruled by the first Christian emperor, Constantine (306-337) who halted the persecution of Christians and strengthened the empire enough to ensure its survival until 1453.

Review1b:THE HAN DYNASTY

-The Han was the most important dynasty in Chinese history. -It was splintered by internal division between the royal clans, eunuchs, and Confucian scholars. -A long series of bitters wars erupted between rival clans. Eventually, Cao Cao was able to gain the upper hand. -The final outcome of the many war was the emergence of three groups called the Three Kingdoms. -The economy of China would suffer terribly from the many battles, which resulted in numerous peasant uprisings.

Han China Territory: Included areas of Vietnam, Korea, and Japan Political Leaders: -Emperor Ling -Empress He -Liu Bian -Yuan Shao -Cao Cao Economic Problems: neglected farmland Political Problems: -fighting among the royal clans, Confucian scholars, and eunuchs -peasant rebellions -foreign invasions

ASSIGNMENT#2

the Hindu system of organizing society into hereditary classes

the method of painting on fresh plaster

the philosophical study of the nature of being and beings

a place where monks live together

The Hunas

Gupta

Brahmins (scholars&priests) Kshatriyas(kings&warriors) Vaishyas(merchants) Shudras(farmers&services) Parjanya (untouchables)

Iron

True

Sanskrit

Pallava

Pandyan

•The origin of the Gupta is unknown. •Its first ruler was Chandragupta (320-335). •The "golden age" of India took place during the reign of Chandragupta II (380-413). •The Gupta Empire resisted invasions by the White Huns, or Hunas, on numerous occasions. •The empire was weakened and finally fell after the death of its last emperor, Vishnugupta (540-550).

•They developed the decimal system, with zero as a placeholder. •Based on observations made during lunar eclipses, their astronomers decided that the world was round and spun on an axis. •They were experts at iron metallurgy, as can be attested to by the pillar of Delhi. •The literary style of the ancient Indian language, Sanskrit, reached its peak. •Hinduism was the dominate religion although all religions were tolerated. •The Gupta had a strong educational system. •The caste system was in place, which placed every person in a particular social class.

•It may have been started by a people that migrated from Iran. •The Pallava stayed in constant conflict with neighbors on the north and south. •They were known for beautiful Dravidian architecture.

•This was a smaller kingdom located on the southern tip of India. •The kingdom expanded to include Sri Lanka. •It was eventually overrun by Muslim invaders. •It operated pearl fisheries.

ASSIGNMENT#3

the quality of a person's current and future life as determined by his behavior in this and previous lives

a word or sound that is repeated during meditation

the attainment of enlightenment and freeing of the spiritual self from attachment to worldly things

subjecting a group of people to cruel treatment because of their religious beliefs

Buddhists

India

Gupta

Trade

Catholic Church

Edict of Milan; Theodosius I made it official religion of Rome

Hinduism

•Its birthplace was India. •The Mauryan king, Ashoka, helped spread it. •It was the official religion of the Gupta Empire for a time. •The White Huns, Mongols, and Mughals severely persecuted Buddhists in India. •Buddhism grew in Southeast Asia.

•They have similar beliefs. •Each incorporate the other's beliefs into their own religion.

•It also flourished during the Gupta Empire. •It operated a social caste system. •Magnificent temples and shrines were built. •It also grew in Southeast Asia.

•Buddhism expanded via trade routes, especially the Silk Road. •At first, Christianity grew during times of severe persecution. Later, it expanded to other nations via trade routes.

•The growth of Christianity was also made possible by the Edict of Milan and Emperor Theodosius I, who made it the official religion. •After the fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the stabilizing force in Europe and soon, a dominant political force.

a title taken by Muslim rulers that assert religious authority

the territory a caliph rules over

the division of a group into antagonistic factions

someone who has no belief in one particular religion

a particular form of government that exists within a state

someone who does not follow one of the world's main religions

a Muslim house of worship

Justinian I

Roman

Byzantines

Priests Warriors Secretaries Peasants

He rebuilt canals. He established new cities. He set up a good taxation system.

Umayyad

Mongols

Sunni

Shiite

ASSIGNMENT#6

adoption of new religious opinions or beliefs

following the established or traditional rules of faith

the division of a group into antagonistic factions

form and arrangement of public worship laid down by a church

Fourth Crusade.