AP Psychology Unit 8

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher level

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

the rate at which heat is produced by an individual in a resting state

a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

an eating disorder in whcih a person repeatedly eats large amounts of food at one time

the four stages of sexual responding described by Matsters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

resting time; occurs in both neuron firing and in human sexual response

stimulate uterine lining growth; development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

theory of emotion that assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being experienced which in turn causes and intensifies emotion

purging of emotional tensions

people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

a positive state that includes striving for optimal health

our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense

Seyle's concept that the body responds to stress with alarm, resistance and exhaustion

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people.

Literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

the study of how psycho, neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune system

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system

metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes

Florida State UniversitySelf, Social Rejection, Self-Esteem, Self Control, AgressionCoined Term Ego DepletionNegativity Bias

1871-1945; Field: motivation; Contributions: believed that gastric activity as in empty stomach, was the sole basis for hunger; Studies: inserted balloons in stomachs

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied; self-actualization, transcendence

was an American gynecologist, best known as the senior member of the Masters and Johnson sexuality research team. Along with Virginia E. Johnson, he pioneered research into the nature of human sexual response and the diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders and dysfunctions from 1957 until the 1990s.

inflated a balloon in his stomach, monitored stomach contractions. hunger was felt when stomach contractions occurred.

studied happiness; he saw it as a variable, something that could be changed. created questionnaire that measured happiness.

emotion; found that facial expressions are universal

founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment

developed the cognitive-medical theory of emotions

psychologist who believed that some of our emotional reactions involve no deliberate thinking and cognition is not always necessary for emotion

social psychology; focus on nonverbal communication, self-fulfilling prophecies; Studies: Pygmalion Effect-effect of teacher's expectations on students

emotion; stated that in order to experience emotions, a person must be physically aroused and know the emotion before you experience it

flight or fight developed into general adaptation syndrome (Walter Cannon)

motivation; believes that we invent explanations to label feelings