AP Psychology Ch. 8A Test Review

An instinctive behavior is one that is ________. a. designed to reduce drives. b. triggered by an incentive. c. similar in all living organisms. d. unlearned. e. internally motivated.

Define motivation.

Define instinct.

A need refers to ________. a. a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal. b. an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a psychological need. c. anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior. d. a desire to perform a behavior as a result of rewards or threats of punishment. e. a rigidly patterned behavioral urge characteristic of all people.

Define homeostasis.

Define incentive.

The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as _______. a. refractory period. b. instinct. c. homeostasis. d. metabolism. e. incentive.

Who was Maslow?

Define the hierarchy of needs.

Which portion of the hypothalamus stimulates hunger?

Which portion of the hypothalamus depresses hunger?

Lack of bodily fluids is to cold water as _______ is to _______. a. need; incentive. b. drive; incentive. c. need; drive. d. instinct; set point. e. homeostasis; refractory period.

Define the drive-reduction theory.

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electrical shocks? a. optimum arousal theory. b. hierarchy of needs theory. c. instinct theory. d. drive-reduction theory. e. two-factor theory.

Define glucose.

According to Abraham Maslow, our need for belongingness must be met before our need for _______. a. food and water. b. safety. c. arousal. d. esteem. e. homeostasis.

During the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, people are most likely to experience a rapid decrease in physiological arousal if _______. a. they have just experienced orgasm. b. they have not used contraceptives. c. their refractory period is usually short. d. their sexual interaction has not resulted in conception. e. they are approaching orgasm.

What are the four stages of the sexual response cycle?

Define refractory period (resolution phase).

What is the hunger-inducing hormone?

What hormone is secreted by an empty stomach, signaling hunger?

The digestive tract secrete what hormone?

What protein is secreted by fat cells to stop the pleasure of eating food?

Blood glucose levels are regulated by secretions of ______ by the pancreas. a. PYY b. leptin c. oxerin d. insulin e. thyroxin

Which of the following is a hunger-suppressing hormone secreted by the stomach? a. oxerin b. ghrelin c. obestatin d. insulin e. glucose

Define set point.

Define basal metabolic rate.

When encouraged to eat as much as they want, people tend to eat less of the foods that are offered in smaller rather than larger portions. This illustrates _______. a. unit bias. b. set point. c. refractory periods. d. basal metabolic rate. e. bulimia nervosa.

Define anorexia nervosa.

Define bulimia nervosa.

Define binge-eating disorder.

Who is most vulnerable to eating disorders?

Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse - but do not binge, purge, fast, or exercise excessively - are said to have _______. a. binge-eating disorder. b. anorexia nervosa. c. bulimia nervosa. d. neophobia. e. set point.

True or False: Mental pain due to ostracism is registered the same as physical pain.

An integrated understanding of rising obesity rates in terms of set points, culturally learned taste preferences, and the ready availability of large food portions is best illustrated by _______. a. homeostasis. b. the evolutionary perspective. c. instinct theory. d. a biopsychsocial approach. e. a cognitive-behavioral approach.

How is the brain the most significant sex organ?

Research on obesity and weight control indicates that ______. a. one pound is always lost for every 3500-calorie reduction in diet. b. fat cells are lost when sustained dieting is combined with exercise. c. once we become fat, we require less food to maintain our weight than we did to attain it. d. it is easier for people to lose weight on the second or third attempt at dieting than on the first try. e. obesity is related to learned patterns of behavior, not biological influences.

Compared with girls living in father-absent families, girls with fathers present are less likely to experience ______. a. erotic plasticity. b. a sexual response cycle. c. teen pregnancy. d. the older-brother effect. e. refractory periods.

True or False: Homosexuals have a greater risk of attempting suicide.

Most homosexuals report becoming aware of their same-sex attraction during ______. a. early childhood. b. late childhood. c. early adolescence. d. late adolescence. e. emerging adulthood.

True or False: The left side of the brain is larger in heterosexual men and homosexual women.

What is the percentage in the United States of men that claim to be homosexual?

What is the percentage in the United States of women that claim to be homosexual?

Research has demonstrated that married people are at less risk for depression, suicide, and early death than single people. This finding suggests that ______. a. whether we marry or not is influences by both nature and nurture. b. we are motivated to fulfill our needs of self-transcendence. c. people who feel supported by close relationships experience a better quality of life. d. married people are more likely to experience homeostasis in their relationship. e. monogamous bonds are instinctual.