Chapter 15: Eating Disorders

25 July 2022
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All of the following are true of anorexia nervosa except
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increased body temperature
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Anorexia nervosa sufferers
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tend to be adolescent and early adult girls.
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Which of the following is characteristic of bulimics?
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Binge eating
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Criteria for diagnosing anorexia nervosa include all the following except
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intense fear of becoming too thin.
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Prevention of eating disorders might include any of the following except
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weighing often.
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Which characteristic is more indicative of bulimia than anorexia nervosa?
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Fluctuating weight
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Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of night eating syndrome?
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Difficulty staying awake and not feeling hungry before falling asleep at night
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All of the following can initiate the problem of anorexia nervosa except
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coming from a supportive family.
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Night eating syndrome is characterized by evening hyperphagia, which is defined as
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eating more than one-third of total daily calories after the evening meal.
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All of the following are true of an anorexic person who falls below 75 percent of normal body weight except
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loss of menstrual period becomes irreversible
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A person with anorexia nervosa is likely to
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grow up in a perfectionistic home with very high expectations.
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The family of a bulimic tends to
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have a great deal of conflict.
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Anorexia nervosa is defined as
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psychological denial of appetite.
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A condition of self-induced severe weight loss, particularly common in adolescent girls, is called
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anorexia nervosa.
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What is the name of the condition characterized by disordered eating, lack of menstrual periods, and osteoporosis?
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Female athlete triad
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The incidence of anorexia nervosa is highest
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adolescent females from middle and upper socioeconomic classes.
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Which of the following is not characteristic of individuals who develop eating disorders
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Have high self-esteem
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Which of the following is not an early warning sign of anorexia nervosa?
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Sleeping often and having no interest in exercise
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At later stages in anorexia development, anorexics
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eat 300 to 600 kilocalories per day
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The semistarvation of anorexia nervosa results in all the following physiological changes except
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increased heart rate.
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The slower basal metabolism that accompanies anorexia nervosa is caused by
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decreased synthesis of thyroid hormone.
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In anorexia nervosa, low blood potassium levels are associated with all of the following except
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low protein intake
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Loss of menstrual periods associated with anorexia nervosa is caused by
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low body fat content.
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A major characteristic of an anorexic person that significantly inhibits successful treatment is
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denial of the problem.
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The most long-term success in anorexia nervosa treatment has been with
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a multidisciplinary team of health care providers.
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One of the best ways to get anorexics into treatment is to
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have a group intervention of friends and family to confront them with the problem
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The first goal in nutrition therapy for anorexia nervosa is
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to stop further weight loss.
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All of the following are goals for an anorexic person except
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keep activity at a high level.
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The typical characteristics for binge-eating disorder include binge-eating episodes
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not accompanied by purging.
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all of the following are helpful for the recovery of the anorexic person except
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separation from the family.
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A disorder in which frequent bingeing and possibly purging occurs is called
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bulimia.
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All of the following are true about bulimia except
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the result is low body weight.
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A common characteristic of both bulimics and anorexics is that they are
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perfectionists
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A difference between anorexics and bulimics is that
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anorexics turn away from food during a crisis, whereas bulimics turn toward food.
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Which of the following is true about the bingeing behavior of the bulimic?
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Violation of rigid food rules can initiate a binge.
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Which of the following is true about purging behavior related to bulimia?
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After vomiting, many kilocalories from the food eaten are still absorbed.
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Most of the health problems in bulimia arise from
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vomiting.
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Joni uses ipecac syrup to promote vomiting after her binges. All of the following are negative effects of vomiting except
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high blood potassium levels, which disturb heart rhythm
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Treatment for bulimia should last at least how many weeks?
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16
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An effective nutritional counseling approach to bulimia involves all the following except
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suggesting that the person follow strict food rules to control eating.
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Jane is a binge eater. Which of the following is probably not true about her?
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She binges on large quantities of food and purges.
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Which of the following is the best treatment approach for binge-eating disorder?
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An eating plan that does not restrict particular foods, in which the person eats in response to hunger signals
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Studies have shown that night eating syndrome symptoms, including nocturnal ingestion of food and evening hyperphagia, are significantly improved with use of
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an antidepressant.
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The most significant factor promoting eating disorders in North American culture is
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societal emphasis on being thin and the link between thinness and social value.
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Food diaries and a regular meal plan are commonly part of the treatment for
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bulimia nervosa
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Understanding the abnormality of the behavior is most common among people with
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Bulimia nervosa
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A Approximately half of the people with ____________ also suffer from chronic depression.
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bulimia nervosa
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Patients with ____________ may present with clinical signs of semistarvation, such as decreased metabolic rate
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anorexia nervosa
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Cessation of menstruation is most likely associated with
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anorexia nervosa.
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Downy hair that grows on the body to counteract the heat loss associated with a lack of insulating subcutaneous fat is/are called
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lanugo
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Coping with stress by not eating is a characteristic of
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anorexia nervosa.
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Coping with stress by eating is a characteristic of
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bulimia nervosa.
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Endorphins
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Natural body tranquilizers that may be involved in the feeding response and function in pain reduction. Thus in times of great stress, some people turn to food for a drug like calming effect.
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Disordered Eating
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Mild and short-term changed in eating patterns that occur in relation to a stressful event, an illness, or desire to modify's one's diet for a variety of health and personal appearance reasons
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Eating Disorder
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Severe alterations in eating patterns linked to physiological changes. The alterations are associated with food restriction, binge eating, inappropriate compensatory behaviors, and fluctuations in weight. They also involve a number of emotional and cognitive changes that affect the way a person perceives and experiences his or her body.
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Anorexia Nervosa
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An eating disorder characterized by extreme restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to significantly low body weight. 300-600 kcal daily is not unusual for someone with AN
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Bulimia Nervosa
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An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
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Binge-Eating Disorder
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An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating that are associated with marked distress and lack of control over behavior, but not followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
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Genes; genetic background accounts for 50%-83% of the overall risk for developing an eating disorder.
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____ bears much of the blame for eating disorders.
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Epigenetics
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Changes in gene function that are independent of DNA sequence. For example, malnutrition during pregnancy may modify gene expression in the fetus and affect long-term body weight regulation in the offspring.
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3 Requirements to define Anorexia Nervosa
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1.) Extreme Weight Loss 2.) distorted body image 3.) Irrational fear of weight gain and obesity.
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0.8%
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AN affects an estimated ____% of American Women
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Lanugo
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Downline hair that appears after a person has lost much body fat through semi-starvation. The hair strands erect and traps air, acting as insulation for the body to compensate for the relative lack of body fat, which usually functions as insulation.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Psychological therapy in which the person's assumptions about dieting, body weight, and related issues are confronted. New ways of thinking are explored and then practiced by the person. In this way, an individual can learn new ways to control disordered eating behaviors and related life stress.
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Binge Eating
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Consuming an abnormally large amount of food within a short time period
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Compensatory Behaviors
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Actions taken to rid the body of excess calories and/or to alleviate guilt or anxiety associated with a binge; examples include vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or excessive exercise.
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four times a month for a period of 3 months or more.
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For a diagnosis of Bulimia, such compensatory behaviors must occur
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5 requirements to define Bulimia Nervosa
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1.) Recurrent episodes of binge eating 2.) Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior 3.) Binge eating and compensatory behavior occur on average at least once a week for 3 months 4.) Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight 5.) The disturbance does not occur excessively during episodes of AN
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Physical Effects of Bulimia
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-Constipation -Teeth demineralization -blood potassium drops -stomach ulcers -syrup of ipecac
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Medicines that Help BN
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-Fluoxetine (Prozac) -Topamax
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5 requirements to define Binge Eating Disorder
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1.) Recurrent episodes of binge eating 2.) The binge-eating episodes are associated with eating more rapidly than norma, eating until uncomfortably full, eating large amounts of food when not feeling hungry, eating alone, feeling disgusted with oneself
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Binge foods
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"junk food"- ice cream, cookies, sweets, potato chips, etc
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True
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T/F: Many people with Binge eating disorders may experience difficulty in identifying personal emotional needs and expressing emotions.
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Nutritional Therapy for Binge Eating
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Those with the disorder must learn to eat in response to hunger and not to an emotional signal or external. -Learning to eat all foods, in moderation, is effective. -No to restrictive diets and weight loss diets
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Medications that help Binge Eating
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Not FDA approved but fluoxetine, duloxetine, and anti-seizure meds like topmirate. (Still may not induce significant weight loss) -Orlistat or phentermine, lorcaserin can help with weight loss -also meds used to help substance abuse is being tested to help binge eating
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Purging Disorder
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An eating disorder characterized by repeated purging to induce weight loss even in the absence of binge eating
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Night Eating Syndrome
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Eating a lot of food in the late evening and nocturnal awakenings with ingestion of food. -not feeling hungry in the morning and delaying first meal until several hours after waking -eating more than 25% of daily food intake after dinner -difficulty sleeping, waking up and needing to eat to fall back asleep -feelings of guilt and shame -feeling depressed, especially at night. -symptoms improved wit zoloft
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Pica
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a disorder in which a person persistently eats nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least one month. For example: dirt, clay, ice, chalk, or wood
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Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
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A subthreshold eating disorder in which a person meets most of the criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, except weight is within normal range. -could occur in an overweight person who has just started severely restricting calories. -binge eating and bulimia occur less that once per week or have taken place for less than three months.
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Female Athlete Triad
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A condition characterized by disordered eating, lack of menstrual periods, and osteoporosis
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Muscle Dysmorphia
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when you perceive yourself as too thin, rather than too fat, and are preoccupied with strict weightlifting and diet regimens to achieve a high level of muscularity
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Diabulimia
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Adolescents with diabetes are at a heightened risk of eating disorders
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Orthorexia
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healthful eating is an obsession